Non-spatial delayed alternation by the pigeon.

abstract：:Murray Sidman's book, Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology, published in 1960, has been called the bible of the experimental analysis of behavior and has been a major influence on basic as well as applied research in behavior analysis. The contents of the early reviews of the book...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Holth P

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The information hypothesis of conditioned reinforcement predicts that a stimulus that "reduces uncertainty" about the outcome of a trial will acquire reinforcing properties, even when the stimulus reliably predicts nonreinforcement. Four pigeons' key pecks produced one of two 5-sec stimuli with 0.50 probability accord...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Katz HN

更新日期：1976-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were allowed to forage in a simulated natural environment made up of eight food sources (patches) each containing a fixed number of pellets. Two of the eight contained an extra supply of peanuts. The peanut patches were signaled by an olfactory/visual cue located at the bottom of the ladder leading to the patch. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mellgren RL,Brown SW

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons produced a stimulus change either by responding or by not responding for a specified time period (by pausing). They then had to choose between two responses to obtain food. One choice was correct if the first component had been completed by a response; the other was correct if the component had been completed ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD,Solano JM

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons, previously trained to discriminate different numbers of responses (fixed ratios), were tested under different reinforcement contingencies (payoff matrices) at two levels of sensitivity. For one subject, relative reinforcement magnitude was varied-at first, across sessions and then, at midsession by reve...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hobson SL

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sidman et al.'s (1982) failure to find evidence for symmetry (bidirectional associations between stimuli) in monkeys and baboons set the stage for decades of work on emergent relations in nonhumans. They attributed the failure to the use of procedures that did not (1) promote stimulus control based on the relation bet...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lionello-DeNolf KM

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twelve preschool children participated in a study of the effects of explicit training on the imitation of modeled behavior. The responses trained involved a marble-dropping pattern that differed from the modeled pattern. Training consisted of physical prompts and verbal praise during a single session. No prompts or pr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bondy AS

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The key-pecking of a pigeon was reinforced with grain on an 18-min second-order schedule. During the 18 min, a key peck which completed a 3-min fixed interval produced a stimulus of 0.5-sec duration. The first 3-min fixed interval completed after 18 min resulted in primary reinforcement. Behavior characteristic of fix...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Lorge J

更新日期：1967-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carter and Werner recently reviewed the literature on conditional discrimination learning by pigeons, which consists of studies of matching-to-sample and oddity-from-sample. They also discussed three models of such learning: the "multiple-rule" model (learning of stimulus-specific relations), the "configuration" model...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Schrier AM,Thompson CR

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acquisition of lever pressing by rats and the occurrence of unreinforced presses at a location different from that of the reinforced response were studied using different delays of reinforcement. An experimental chamber containing seven identical adjoining levers was used. Only presses on the central (operative) l...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Escobar R,Bruner CA

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An apparatus was developed to study social reinforcement in the rat. Four Long-Evans female rats were trained to press a lever via shaping, with the reinforcer being access to a castrated male rat. Responding under a fixed-ratio schedule and in extinction was also observed. Social access was found to be an effective r...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Evans MJ,Duvel A,Funk ML,Lehman B,Sparrow J,Watson NT,Neuringer A

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatments based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, such as functional communication training, are widely used. Research regarding the maintenance of related treatment effects is limited. Nevin and Wacker (2013) provided a conceptual framework, rooted in behavioral momentum theory, for the study of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ringdahl JE,Berg WK,Wacker DP,Crook K,Molony MA,Vargo KK,Neurnberger JE,Zabala K,Taylor CJ

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aversive shocks are known to produce aggression when the shocks are not dependent on behavior and to suppress behavior when the shocks are arranged as a dependent punisher. These two processes were studied by presenting non-dependent shock to monkeys at regular intervals, thereby producing biting attacks on a pneumati...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Azrin NH

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the first five or six sessions on a DRL 20-sec schedule of reinforcement there developed a stable performance characterized by a relatively constant conditional probability of occurrence (IRTs/op) of interresponse times (IRTs) of durations greater than 5 or 6 sec. Extinction and the level of deprivation changed bot...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： REYNOLDS GS

更新日期：1964-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were rewarded for distributing eight pecks across two keys (L and R) in various patterns. The simplest pattern was at least one switch between the two keys (LR or RL) anywhere during the sequence; the next simplest was at least one instance of LLRR or RRLL anywhere during the sequence; the next was LLLRRR or R...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Locey ML,Rachlin H

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yoked pairs of experimentally naive pigeons were exposed to a modified autoshaping procedure in which key pecking by the leader birds postponed both keylight termination and access to grain for the leader and the follower bird. Key pecking developed and was maintained in all birds and continued through two reversals o...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Myerson J,Myerson WA,Parker BK

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The joint control of rate of key pecking in pigeons by stimulus-reinforcer and response-reinforcer relationships was studied in the context of a two-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Food presentation was always associated with one component and extinction with the other. The stimulus-reinforcer relationsh...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woodruff G,Conner N,Gamzu E,Williams DR

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two pigeons were exposed to factorial combinations of two values of line tilt and two frequencies of houselight flashes. During each of four baseline stages, key pecking in the presence of all four combinations was reinforced according to a variable-interval schedule. The baseline phases were followed by four differen...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wilkie DM

更新日期：1973-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments used pigeons in an autoshaping procedure and a single-subject design to examine compound stimulus control in classical conditioning. Experiment 1 examined the blocking effect, and Experiment 2 examined the unblocking effect. In both experiments, response-independent food was first delivered intermitt...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Khallad Y,Moore J

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the duration of lever pressing by rats when the delivery of appetitive reinforcers was contingent upon response duration. In the first experiment, response durations increased when duration requirements were imposed, and they decreased when duration requirements were removed. This effect occurred wheth...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Byrne T,Sarno B

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditioned suppression was demonstrated in two experiments with rats lever pressing on a fixed-ration 1 schedule for lateral hypothalamic intracranaial stimulation (ICS)'n Experiment I, conditioned suppression of responding for low-intensity ICS was obtained with a moderate intensity of foot shock, In Experiment II, ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Russell PJ

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a two-key concurrent variable-interval schedule (using pigeons), if the reinforcement frequency for one response is held constant while that for the other is increased, the rate of response on the constant key decreases. The immediate reinforcement for key pecking can usually be conceptualized as the change from a ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Michael JL

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new technique was developed to study the repeated acquisition of conditional discriminations. Using a discrete trial procedure, pigeons were required to learn during each session a different two-member chain of conditional discriminations. Key color and geometric forms were used as stimuli. After the pigeons had rea...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Moerschbaecher JM,Boren JJ,Schrot J

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three normal adults were first trained to point sequentially to each member of several pairs of visual stimuli. This baseline training established one class of stimuli to which subjects responded first, and another class of stimuli to which they responded second. Then, in a matching-to-sample procedure, baseline-seque...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lazar R

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, six naive pigeons were trained on a foraging schedule characterized by different states beginning with a search state in which completion of a fixed-interval on a white key led to a choice state. In the choice state the subject could, by appropriate responding on a fixed ratio of three, either accept ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Abarca N,Fantino E

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:White rats were scheduled to be shocked every 15 sec; but they were given a limited time interval between shocks when they could prevent the next scheduled shock from occurring if they pressed a lever. The duration of this limited avoidance period was varied, as was its location within the interval between scheduled s...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： SIDMAN M

更新日期：1962-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A value-like parameter is introduced into a rate equation for describing variable-interval performance. The equation, derived solely from formal considerations, expresses rate of responding as a joint function of rate of reinforcement and "reinforcer power." Preliminary tests of the rate equation show that it handles ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ,Kessel R

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five rats pressed levers on variable-interval schedules of water reinforcement at various levels of water deprivation. In one phase of the experiment, three deprivation conditions that replicated conditions in Heyman and Monaghan (1987) were arranged, along with three less extreme deprivation conditions. In a second p...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ,Dallery J

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two multiple-schedule experiments with pigeons examined the effect of adding food reinforcement from an alternative source on the resistance of the reinforced response (target response) to the decremental effects of satiation and extinction. In Experiment 1, key pecks were reinforced by food in two components accordin...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Nevin JA,Tota ME,Torquato RD,Shull RL

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-Evans rats were exposed to a succession of conditioned-suppression procedures involving pairings of (1) signal-shock, (2) shock-signal, and (3) a signal-shock-signal sequence in which first and second signals were at first physically identical. Traditional suppression of food-reinforced responding was obtained un...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davis H,Memmott J,Hurwitz HM

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00