Social reinforcement of operant behavior in rats: a methodological note.

abstract：:The joint control of rate of key pecking in pigeons by stimulus-reinforcer and response-reinforcer relationships was studied in the context of a two-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Food presentation was always associated with one component and extinction with the other. The stimulus-reinforcer relationsh...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woodruff G,Conner N,Gamzu E,Williams DR

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments used pigeons in an autoshaping procedure and a single-subject design to examine compound stimulus control in classical conditioning. Experiment 1 examined the blocking effect, and Experiment 2 examined the unblocking effect. In both experiments, response-independent food was first delivered intermitt...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Khallad Y,Moore J

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wilson and Hayes (1996) and Doughty, Kastner, and Bismark (2011) observed resurgence of past equivalence relations when newer equivalence relations were punished or extinguished, respectively. Their findings support the notion that deriving stimulus relations is a form of operant behavior. Although there is consensus ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Doughty AH,Leake LW,Stoudemire ML

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments were conducted to examine pigeons' postponement of signaled extinction periods (timeouts) from a schedule of food reinforcement when such responding neither decreased overall timeout frequency nor increased the overall frequency of food reinforcement. A discrete-trial procedure was used in which a re...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pietras CJ,Hackenberg TD

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight alligators were trained to escape heat by traversing an 8-ft runway containing right or left approaches to a water tank. All subjects were run until they had satisfied three criteria of stable response time, after which the predominant escape path was blocked, requiring discrimination reversal. Seven subjects ag...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davidson RS

更新日期：1966-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior is a property of living organisms, not of inanimate matter. The problems of physical science are to understand how a phenomenon works; biological science adds the questions of what a phenomenon does and how something that does such things came to be. Exclusive dedication to cause-effect explanations ignores h...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the first of two experiments, periods of noise were terminated with unavoidable shock to 36 rats. The rats' continuously reinforced responding was later completely suppressed during the noise when it was introduced without shock. The rats were then assigned to nine experimental groups. Each group was exposed to dif...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Blackman D

更新日期：1968-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two-component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response-dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in descending orders, ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Kuroda T,Cançado CR,Lattal KA,Elcoro M,Dickson CA,Cook JE

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats obtained food pellets on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement by nose poking a lighted key. After training to establish baseline performance (with the mean variable interval set at either 60, 120, or 240 s), the rats were given free access to food during the hour just before their daily session. This sat...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shull RL

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior analysis has been thriving by continuing to make important theoretical and empirical contributions to a wide array of problems, as well as by contributing to interdisciplinary research. Applied research in behavior analysis is flourishing. Despite these positive signs there may be an erosion of support for ba...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fantino E

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naive rats were trained to respond on one lever in the presence of noise bursts from one speaker and on a second lever in the presence of noise bursts from a second speaker. The speakers were mounted behind the levers. When responding on the lever adjacent to the sounding speaker was reinforced, control developed with...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Harrison JM

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present experiment examined the effects of varying stimulus disparity and relative punisher frequencies on signal detection by humans. Participants were placed into one of two groups. Group 3 participants were presented with 1:3 and 3:1 punisher frequency ratios, while Group 11 participants were presented with 1:1...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lie C,Alsop B

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A squirrel monkey was subjected to a fixed-interval pattern of reinforcement. During the course of each interval a bright white light was repeatedly presented. In the presence of the white light, a response was never immediately followed by food; the white light thus functioned as S(Delta). Responding was interrupted ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： DEWS PB

更新日期：1965-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recurrence of negatively reinforced responding of humans was studied in three experiments. In each experiment during Baseline, key-pressing produced 3-s timeouts from a requirement to exert finger pressure on a force cell according to variable- or fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, resurgence...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Alessandri J,Lattal KA,Cançado CR

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment I, two groups of four pigeons each were exposed to multiple schedules in which one component was always a variable-interval schedule with a mean interreinforcement interval of 30 or 180 seconds. The other component was either an equal variable-interval schedule or extinction. Response rates in the unchan...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Spealman RD,Gollub LR

更新日期：1974-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many adults engage in ultraviolet indoor tanning despite evidence of its association with skin cancer. The constellation of behaviors associated with ultraviolet indoor tanning is analogous to that in other behavioral addictions. Despite a growing literature on ultraviolet indoor tanning as an addiction, there remains...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Reed DD,Kaplan BA,Becirevic A,Roma PG,Hursh SR

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An implementation of punishment in the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics is proposed, and is applied to responding on concurrent schedules of reinforcement with superimposed punishment. In this implementation, punishment causes behaviors to mutate, and to do so with a higher probability in a lean reinforcement ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ,Klapes B

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lever pressing by squirrel monkeys was examined under second-order schedules of electric shock presentation in which different discriminative stimuli were associated with consecutive components (sequence schedules). Components were always two-minute fixed-interval schedules, and three different overall schedules were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gardner ML,Malagodi EF

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, pigeons chose between two alternatives that differed in the probability of reinforcement and the delay to reinforcement. A peck at a red key led to a delay of 5 s and then a possible reinforcer. A peck at a green key led to an adjusting delay and then a certain reinforcer. This delay was adjusted...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mazur JE

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When a response key is briefly illuminated before a grain reinforcer is presented, key pecking is reliably developed and maintained in pigeons, even if pecking prevents reinforcement (negative automaintenance). This experiment demonstrated that pigeons are sensitive to a negative response-reinforcer contingency, even ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Schwartz B,Williams DR

更新日期：1972-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six pigeons were trained on concurrent variable-interval schedules in which two different travel times between alternatives, 4.5 and 0.5 s, were randomly arranged. In Part 1, the next travel time was signaled while the subjects were responding on each alternative. Generalized matching analyses of performance in the pr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davison M,Elliffe D

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonhuman animals show evidence for three types of concept learning: perceptual or similarity-based in which objects/stimuli are categorized based on physical similarity; relational in which one object/stimulus is categorized relative to another (e.g., same/different); and associative in which arbitrary stimuli become ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zentall TR,Wasserman EA,Urcuioli PJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observer monkeys were housed next to demonstrator monkeys that were conditioned to respond on a multiple reinforcement schedule whose components were fixed-ratio 32, variable-interval 3-min, and extinction 5-min followed by an additional 30 sec of extinction during which every response started a new 30-sec interval. A...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Myers WA

更新日期：1970-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained on a non-spatial delayed alternation task in which the color not pecked on the previous trial was correct. When varying delays were interposed between trials, alternation accuracy decreased as a function of delay, but remained greater than chance with a 45-sec delay. Successful alternation on the ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Williams BA

更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in assessment methodology have resulted in a highly efficient procedure for obtaining delay discounting rates for adults: a 5-trial adjusting delay task (ADT-5) examining intertemporal choice for hypothetical rewards. The low participant burden of this task makes it potentially useful for children, wit...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Miller JR

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laboratory research has shown that when subjects are given a choice between fixed-ratio and bi-valued mixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement, preference typically emerges for the mixed-ratio schedule even with a larger ratio requirement. The current study sought to replicate and extend these findings to children's mat...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mullane MP,Martens BK,Baxter EL,Steeg DV

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two pigeons were trained to peck a key under a free-operant avoidance schedule. Then, changes in key color signalled the beginning (safe period) and the end (warning period) of the response-shock interval, with a response required to change the key color. Finally, a change in key color signalled the warning period and...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Moraes AB,Todorov JC

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, behavior analysts have studied stimulus equivalence using a matching-to-sample (MTS) preparation. Although researchers have shown the utility of MTS to yield equivalence classes, the procedure requires several prerequisite skills for a learner to accurately respond. Previous research with humans and non...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lantaya CA,Miguel CF,Howland TG,LaFrance DL,Page SV

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained to criterion in successive reversals of a classically conditioned heart-rate discrimination. Criterion was attained more rapidly in the later reversals in the series than in the early reversals and the inter-problem learning curve was of the same general form as that found with successive instrumenta...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Tighe TJ,Graves DM,Riley CA

更新日期：1968-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven rats responding under fixed-ratio or variable-ratio schedules of food reinforcement had continuous access to a drinking tube inserted into the operant chamber. Under different conditions they could drink either tap water or one of two saccharin solutions. In a baseline condition, the drinking bottle was empty. P...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Derenne A,Baron A

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00