A functional-analytic model of analogy: a relational frame analysis.

abstract：:In a discrete-trial symbolic matching-to-sample procedure, pigeons' left-key responses were reinforced following presentation of one center-key sample, and right-key responses were reinforced following presentation of another. Recallability was measured by the difference between log ratios of left to right responses f...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： White KG,McKenzie J

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Same/Different abstract-concept learning by Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) was tested with novel stimuli following learning of training set expansion (8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, and 1024 picture items). The resulting set-size function was compared to those from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), capuchin ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA,Magnotti JF,Katz JS,Leonard K,Kelly DM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acquisition of lever pressing by rats and the occurrence of unreinforced presses at a location different from that of the reinforced response were studied using different delays of reinforcement. An experimental chamber containing seven identical adjoining levers was used. Only presses on the central (operative) l...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Escobar R,Bruner CA

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An apparatus was developed to study social reinforcement in the rat. Four Long-Evans female rats were trained to press a lever via shaping, with the reinforcer being access to a castrated male rat. Responding under a fixed-ratio schedule and in extinction was also observed. Social access was found to be an effective r...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Evans MJ,Duvel A,Funk ML,Lehman B,Sparrow J,Watson NT,Neuringer A

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When either a timeout period (darkening the response key) or a blackout period (darkening both chamber and response key) was alternated with a stimulus associated with variable-interval reinforcement, behavioral contrast was obtained. Either peck contrast or maintained contrast occurred, depending on whether or not re...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Sadowsky S

更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Each of 2 monkeys typically earned their daily food ration by depositing tokens in one of two slots. Tokens deposited in one slot dropped into a bin where they were kept (token kept). Deposits to a second slot dropped into a bin where they could be obtained again (token returned). In Experiment 1, a fixed-ratio (FR) 5...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Widholm JJ,Silberberg A,Hursh SR,Imam AA,Warren-Boulton FR

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of methadone on pigeons' key pecking were examined under four conditions selected to analyze the control of behavior under alternative fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedules. In Condition 1, pigeons pecked under one of three different alternative schedules (alternative fixed-ratio 50 fixed-interval 90 s, alterna...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Egli M,Thompson T

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Grain was briefly presented to food-deprived pigeons intermittently and response-independently except during signaled timeouts. During Experiment 1, key pecks postponed the next timeout for a specified interval. Rates of pecking during time in were inversely related to the length of time pecking postponed the next tim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Galbicka G,Branch MN

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely assumed that reinforcers are biologically relevant stimuli, or stimuli that have been associated with biologically relevant stimuli. However, brief, arbitrary stimuli have also been reported to have reinforcement-like effects, despite being unrelated to biologically relevant stimuli like food. The present...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bai JYH,Cowie S,Macaskill AC,Elliffe D,Podlesnik CA

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In each of two experiments, 2 pigeons received discrimination training in which food reinforcement for key pecking was conditional upon both spatial and temporal cues. In Experiment 1, food was available for periods of 30 s at each of three locations (pecking keys) during trials that lasted 90 s. In Experiment 2, food...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wilkie DM,Willson RJ

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, six naive pigeons were trained on a foraging schedule characterized by different states beginning with a search state in which completion of a fixed-interval on a white key led to a choice state. In the choice state the subject could, by appropriate responding on a fixed ratio of three, either accept ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Abarca N,Fantino E

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A value-like parameter is introduced into a rate equation for describing variable-interval performance. The equation, derived solely from formal considerations, expresses rate of responding as a joint function of rate of reinforcement and "reinforcer power." Preliminary tests of the rate equation show that it handles ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ,Kessel R

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the experiment was to study the relation between what an organism does in a setting that demands temporal patterning of behavior and what it reports it has done. More specifically, a pigeon produced two classes, shorter and longer, of temporal patterns of key pecks (interresponse times) on a center key....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shimp CP

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to respond in a two-link, concurrent-chain schedule. Pecks on each key during the concurrent initial links occasionally produced a 5-min terminal link, during which only that key was operative. Food reinforcement and various intensities of shock were scheduled during the terminal links. When shock...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rachlin H

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, behavior analysts have studied stimulus equivalence using a matching-to-sample (MTS) preparation. Although researchers have shown the utility of MTS to yield equivalence classes, the procedure requires several prerequisite skills for a learner to accurately respond. Previous research with humans and non...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lantaya CA,Miguel CF,Howland TG,LaFrance DL,Page SV

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior is a property of living organisms, not of inanimate matter. The problems of physical science are to understand how a phenomenon works; biological science adds the questions of what a phenomenon does and how something that does such things came to be. Exclusive dedication to cause-effect explanations ignores h...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This experiment compared descriptions of concurrent choice by the stay/switch model, which says choice is a function of the reinforcers obtained for staying at and for switching from each alternative, and the generalized matching law, which says choice is a function of the total reinforcers obtained at each alternativ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： MacDonall JS

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments examined the effect of food availability on pigeons' choice behavior under concurrent schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, 3 pigeons earned their daily food ration by choosing, in 30-min sessions, between concurrent variable-ratio 30 variable-interval 40-s schedules. Food presentations during...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shurtleff D,Silberberg A

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were rewarded for distributing eight pecks across two keys (L and R) in various patterns. The simplest pattern was at least one switch between the two keys (LR or RL) anywhere during the sequence; the next simplest was at least one instance of LLRR or RRLL anywhere during the sequence; the next was LLLRRR or R...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Locey ML,Rachlin H

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impulsive choice can be defined as temporary preference for a smaller-sooner reward (SS) over a larger-later reward (LL). Hyperbolic discounting implies that impulsive choices will occur less when organisms choose between a series of SSs versus LLs all at once than when they choose between single SS versus LL pairs. E...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ainslie G,Monterosso JR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, 2 monkeys earned their daily food ration by pressing a key that delivered food according to a variable-interval 3-min schedule. In Phases 1 and 4, sessions ended after 3 hr. In Phases 2 and 3, sessions ended after a fixed number of responses that reduced food intake and body weights from levels during...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Silberberg A,Bauman R,Hursh S

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Responding by exclusion, one of the most robust phenomena in Experimental Psychology, describes a particular form of responding observed in symbolic, matching-to-sample tasks. Given two comparison stimuli, one experimentally defined and one experimentally undefined, the participant prefers the undefined comparison fol...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Cippola NS,Domeniconi C,Machado A

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escape responses of squirrel monkeys were reinforced according to a fixed-ratio schedule. The reinforcement was a period of safety from a stimulus that signalled the delivery of intermittent pain-shocks. When the frequency of shock was gradually reduced, the performance remained at a high level until the shocks were q...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： AZRIN NH,HOLZ WC,HAKE DF,AYLLON T

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The performance of rats trained on multiple variable-interval schedules was examined before, during, and after punishment. The same linear function related relative response rates to relative density of reinforcement both in the presence and absence of punishment. Equal relative suppression was seen in both the high a...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Tullis C,Walters G

更新日期：1968-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, 3, adult females were taught with verbal instructions and contingencies to select, in sequence, three arbitrary visual stimuli from an array of five stimuli. After four different sequences were taught, match-to-sample tests assessed emergent conditional relations among all stimuli that had been select...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Sigurdardottir ZG,Green G,Saunders RR

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons with extensive training pecking a key illuminated by a white line then had brief training with the key illuminated by 555 nanometers. This was immediately followed by a wavelength generalization test in extinction. Dimensional stimulus control about the training wavelength increased with the duration and numbe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weisman RG,Thio H

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel and serial timing processes are analyzed for their account of the dynamics of intertrial responding in the peak procedure. A strictly serial model, such as the behavioral theory of timing (Killeen & Fetterman, 1988), does not fit the dynamic correlation pattern in the location and duration of the middle high-...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gibbon J,Church RM

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Choice behavior among two alternatives has been widely researched, but fewer studies have examined the effect of multiple (more than two) alternatives on choice. Two experiments investigated whether changing the overall reinforcer rate affected preference among three and four concurrently scheduled alternatives. Exper...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Beeby E,Alsop B

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained under a discrete-trials detection procedure in which one of a set of color stimuli was presented on the center key and a single response turned off the stimulus and illuminated two side keys. Single responses to one or the other side key produced occasional reinforcers depending on the value of th...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davison M,McCarthy D

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Shock-induced biting and threat by the male painted turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata) were studied in three experiments. When restrained facing each other, the turtles threatened and bit other turtles in response to electric shock. Shock alone caused turtles to threaten an unshocked turtle; the movements of a shocked...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fraser D,Spigel IM

更新日期：1971-11-01 00:00:00