Abstract:
:Observer monkeys were housed next to demonstrator monkeys that were conditioned to respond on a multiple reinforcement schedule whose components were fixed-ratio 32, variable-interval 3-min, and extinction 5-min followed by an additional 30 sec of extinction during which every response started a new 30-sec interval. After observational periods from 113 to 210 hr long, during which observers could not perform the response and were given no extrinsic reinforcers, their first-response latencies to fixed ratio and variable interval were as short as the demonstrators; and their rates of responding were well above pre-observational baseline levels. About 8 hr later, a temporal pattern of responding appropriate to the multiple schedule emerged, including non-emission of responses during extinction. Controls lacking the chance to observe did not develop typically patterned responding after 60 hr in one case and, in two other cases, after 80 hr during which, on two occasions, every one of 50 responses was reinforced. In a second experiment, the stimulus lights associated with fixed ratio and variable interval were presented simultaneously. Subjects chose one of the schedules by responding to one of the levers beneath the lights. All subjects initially chose fixed ratio. Seeing the demonstrators switch to variable interval, due to increases in the fixed-ratio requirement, had no effect upon observers, which continued to choose fixed ratio.
journal_name
J Exp Anal Behavjournal_title
Journal of the experimental analysis of behaviorauthors
Myers WAdoi
10.1901/jeab.1970.14-225subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1970-09-01 00:00:00pages
225-35issue
2eissn
0022-5002issn
1938-3711journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Four pigeons responded under a two-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Responses were reinforced in one component under a variable-ratio schedule and in the other component under a variable-interval schedule. It was found that when rates of reinforcement were equal in the two components, the rate of response...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.13-369
更新日期:1970-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responding of three pigeons was maintained under conjunctive fixed-ratio, fixed-interval schedules where a key peck produced food after both schedule requirements were completed. The individual schedule requirements were then successively removed and reinstated with responding maintained under the following conditions...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1975.24-23
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four pigeons were trained to respond on one of two keys in the presence of one color-form display, and on the other key when a second color-form display was present. Both responses were maintained on a 2-min variable-internal schedule of reinforcement. Subsequently, stimulus control acquired by components of the compo...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1969.12-437
更新日期:1969-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments assessed the impact of sample duration on pigeons' delayed matching as a function of whether or not the samples themselves signaled how long they would remain on. When duration was uncorrelated with the sample appearing on each matching trial, the typical effect of duration was observed: Choice accur...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1999.72-279
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the duration of lever pressing by rats when the delivery of appetitive reinforcers was contingent upon response duration. In the first experiment, response durations increased when duration requirements were imposed, and they decreased when duration requirements were removed. This effect occurred wheth...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.491
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responding by exclusion, one of the most robust phenomena in Experimental Psychology, describes a particular form of responding observed in symbolic, matching-to-sample tasks. Given two comparison stimuli, one experimentally defined and one experimentally undefined, the participant prefers the undefined comparison fol...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.71
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An interresponse time analysis was used to study the effects of variable-ratio punishment schedules on the temporal pattern of reinforced responding. Twelve pigeons responded on a baseline variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. A variable-ratio ten schedule of electric shock punishment was then introduced. ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1981.35-55
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When either a timeout period (darkening the response key) or a blackout period (darkening both chamber and response key) was alternated with a stimulus associated with variable-interval reinforcement, behavioral contrast was obtained. Either peck contrast or maintained contrast occurred, depending on whether or not re...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.19-499
更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twelve preschool children participated in a study of the effects of explicit training on the imitation of modeled behavior. The responses trained involved a marble-dropping pattern that differed from the modeled pattern. Training consisted of physical prompts and verbal praise during a single session. No prompts or pr...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-135
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grain was briefly presented to food-deprived pigeons intermittently and response-independently except during signaled timeouts. During Experiment 1, key pecks postponed the next timeout for a specified interval. Rates of pecking during time in were inversely related to the length of time pecking postponed the next tim...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1983.40-153
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained to respond on a multiple variable-interval 1-min variable-interval 1-min schedule, then switched to a multiple variable-interval 1-min differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior discrimination training. The rate of reinforcement was held constant during the shift from non-differential reinforcem...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.14-87
更新日期:1970-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emerging evidence suggests that nicotine may enhance short-term memory. Some of this evidence comes from nonhuman primate research using a procedure called delayed matching-to-sample, wherein the monkey is trained to select a comparison stimulus that matches some physical property of a previously presented sample stim...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2012.98-155
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grace and McLean (2006) proposed a decision model for acquisition of choice in concurrent chains which assumes that after reinforcement in a terminal link, subjects make a discrimination whether the preceding reinforcer delay was short or long relative to a criterion. Their model was subsequently extended by Christens...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2010.94-227
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three pigeons were trained to discriminate a 5.0 mg/kg dose of pentobarbital from saline under a two-key concurrent schedule with responding on the key associated with the presession injection, under both stimulus conditions, producing four times as many reinforcers as responding on the other key. This concurrent sche...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.65-495
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five groups of pigeons were food reinforced on various schedules. Half of each group were extinguished in the normal manner; the others were presented with a stimulus change, previously paired with reinforcement, each time they completed their respective fixed ratios. Response rate in training was an increasing negati...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1966.9-41
更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated the effects of positive and negative GABA(A) modulators under three different baselines of repeated acquisition in squirrel monkeys in which the monkeys acquired a three-response sequence on three keys under a second-order fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of food reinforcement. In two of these ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2004.82-37
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons worked on concurrent variable-interval, variable-interval schedules with the alternatives signaled by slides either containing trees or not. The schedules were designed to hold both overall and relative rates of reinforcement within narrowly constrained limits, and slides were quasi-randomly ordered each day. ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1987.47-5
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The performance of rats trained on multiple variable-interval schedules was examined before, during, and after punishment. The same linear function related relative response rates to relative density of reinforcement both in the presence and absence of punishment. Equal relative suppression was seen in both the high a...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1968.11-147
更新日期:1968-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basic research with pigeons on behavioral momentum suggests that differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) can increase the resistance of target behavior to change. This finding suggests that clinical applications of DRA may inadvertently increase the persistence of target behavior even as it decreases ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2010.93-349
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six pigeons were trained on concurrent variable-interval schedules in which responding on fixed-interval schedules was required to give access to the alternate schedule. Responding on the concurrent schedules was not allowed, after changing over had commenced, until the changeover schedule had been completed. In Parts...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1991.55-47
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aversive shocks are known to produce aggression when the shocks are not dependent on behavior and to suppress behavior when the shocks are arranged as a dependent punisher. These two processes were studied by presenting non-dependent shock to monkeys at regular intervals, thereby producing biting attacks on a pneumati...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.14-7
更新日期:1970-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Experiment I, keylight was paired with inaccessible grain delivery (under two conditions of keylight intensity) to determine if autoshaping would occur in the absence of primary reinforcement. In Experiment II, the procedure was repeated with accessible grain, for comparison. In Experiment III, the procedures were ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1975.23-199
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a neutral cue is followed by a significant event such as food delivery, some animals become engaged with the cue itself and acquire cue-directed behaviors. One type of cue-directed behavior is observed following insertion of a lever used as a conditioned stimulus (CS). Rats showing robust approach behavior to the...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.104
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments explored whether access to wheel running is sufficient as reinforcement to establish and maintain simple and conditional visual discriminations in nondeprived rats. In Experiment 1, 2 rats learned to press a lit key to produce access to running; responding was virtually absent when the key was dark, ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1998.70-103
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of discrimination and avoidance training on the skin resistance response were studied in eight humans. Responses occurring during one stimulus delayed the interruption of music for 30 sec; responses during a second stimulus either had no effect or interrupted the music for 15 sec. The results showed stimul...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1971.16-269
更新日期:1971-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hungry rats received food following lever-press durations exceeding a minimum value, which ranged from 0 to 6.4 sec. When no intertrial intervals separated successive presses, modal press durations remained at very short values as the minimum value required for food was increased. This was particularly true immediatel...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.19-239
更新日期:1973-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five 14(1/2)- to 19(1/2)-month-old infants were trained to lever press for snacks on small fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Within four to nine sessions, responding under FR 10 was established for four subjects and FR 15 for the other. Each subject's last session revealed behavioral patterns similar to animal a...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1966.9-105
更新日期:1966-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Each of 2 monkeys typically earned their daily food ration by depositing tokens in one of two slots. Tokens deposited in one slot dropped into a bin where they were kept (token kept). Deposits to a second slot dropped into a bin where they could be obtained again (token returned). In Experiment 1, a fixed-ratio (FR) 5...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2001.76-245
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In behavior analysis, research on stimulus equivalence has been an area of high activity for more than 45 years. Murray Sidman's contribution was crucial in the development of this field, and, thus, it seems informative to highlight the experiments that were necessary in the development of the descriptive model of equ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.663
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rodent models have been especially useful for investigating adolescent ethanol exposure. However, there is a paucity of studies examining sex differences in behavioral intoxication from adolescent ethanol drinking. Here, we used an ethanol drinking model to investigate if adolescent rats of both sexes readily drink et...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.440
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00