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Human monkeypox - After 40 years, an unintended consequence of smallpox eradication.

Abstract：

:Smallpox eradication, coordinated by the WHO and certified 40 years ago, led to the cessation of routine smallpox vaccination in most countries. It is estimated that over 70% of the world's population is no longer protected against smallpox, and through cross-immunity, to closely related orthopox viruses such as monkeypox. Monkeypox is now a re-emerging disease. Monkeypox is endemic in as yet unconfirmed animal reservoirs in sub-Saharan Africa, while its human epidemiology appears to be changing. Monkeypox in small animals imported from Ghana as exotic pets was at the origin of an outbreak of human monkeypox in the USA in 2003. Travellers infected in Nigeria were at the origin of monkeypox cases in the UK in 2018 and 2019, Israel in 2018 and Singapore in2019. Together with sporadic reports of human infections with other orthopox viruses, these facts invite speculation that emergent or re-emergent human monkeypox might fill the epidemiological niche vacated by smallpox. An ad-hoc and unofficial group of interested experts met to consider these issues at Chatham House, London in June 2019, in order to review available data and identify monkeypox-related research gaps. Gaps identified by the experts included:The experts further agreed on the need for a better understanding of the genomic evolution and changing epidemiology of orthopox viruses, the usefulness of in-field genomic diagnostics, and the best disease control strategies, including the possibility of vaccination with new generation non-replicating smallpox vaccines and treatment with recently developed antivirals.

journal_name

Vaccine

journal_title

Vaccine

authors

Simpson K,Heymann D,Brown CS,Edmunds WJ,Elsgaard J,Fine P,Hochrein H,Hoff NA,Green A,Ihekweazu C,Jones TC,Lule S,Maclennan J,McCollum A,Mühlemann B,Nightingale E,Ogoina D,Ogunleye A,Petersen B,Powell J,Quantick O

doi

10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.062

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-07-14 00:00:00

pages

5077-5081

issue

33

eissn

0264-410X

issn

1873-2518

pii

S0264-410X(20)30579-X

journal_volume

38

pub_type

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