Abstract:
:RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and many noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic genomes. Although Pol II is a complex, 12-subunit enzyme, it lacks the ability to initiate transcription and cannot consistently transcribe through long DNA sequences. To execute these essential functions, an array of proteins and protein complexes interact with Pol II to regulate its activity. In this review, we detail the structure and mechanism of over a dozen factors that govern Pol II initiation (e.g., TFIID, TFIIH, and Mediator), pausing, and elongation (e.g., DSIF, NELF, PAF, and P-TEFb). The structural basis for Pol II transcription regulation has advanced rapidly in the past decade, largely due to technological innovations in cryoelectron microscopy. Here, we summarize a wealth of structural and functional data that have enabled a deeper understanding of Pol II transcription mechanisms; we also highlight mechanistic questions that remain unanswered or controversial.
journal_name
Genes Devjournal_title
Genes & developmentauthors
Schier AC,Taatjes DJdoi
10.1101/gad.335679.119subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
465-488issue
7-8eissn
0890-9369issn
1549-5477pii
34/7-8/465journal_volume
34pub_type
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pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
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