Abstract:
:To investigate the impacts of the widely used chiral herbicide fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE) on aquatic organisms, the enrichment, metabolism, acute toxicity, and oxidative stress of fenoxaprop-ethyl and its main metabolites fenoxaprop (FA), ethyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanoate (EHPP), 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanoic acid (HPPA), and 6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzoxazol-2-one (CDHB) in zebrafish were studied. The enantioselectivity of fenoxaprop-ethyl and its chiral metabolites was also determined. Fenoxaprop-ethyl quickly degraded in zebrafish by aquatic exposure. FA, HPPA, and CDHB were the main metabolites that were enriched in the zebrafish. In the metabolism experiment, the half-lives of the metabolites were 0.92-1.72 days in zebrafish. The R-enantiomers of FA and HPPA were preferentially enriched and metabolized with enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of 0.65-0.85. According to the 96-h acute toxicity, FA, HPPA, EHPP, and CDHB were less toxic to zebrafish than FE, following the order of FE > CDHB > EHPP > FA > HPPA. The S-enantiomers of FE, FA, CDHB, and EHPP were more toxic than the R-enantiomers. FE and its metabolites could significantly increase catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in gill and liver tissues, indicating their oxidative stress, and these effects were also enantioselective. This work could supply more information for evaluating the risks of fenoxaprop-ethyl on aquatic organisms concerning their metabolites and enantiomers.
journal_name
Chiralityjournal_title
Chiralityauthors
Xu Y,Jing X,Zhai W,Li Xdoi
10.1002/chir.23222subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-07-01 00:00:00pages
990-997issue
7eissn
0899-0042issn
1520-636Xjournal_volume
32pub_type
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