Abstract:
:Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus, which causes vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The aim of this study was to evaluate Mrr2 mutation and its expression levels and Candida drug resistance 1 (Cdr1) in C. albicans associated with fluconazole (FCA) resistance. We identified 80 isolates of C. albicans from 155 vaginal secretions and performed FCA drug sensitivity tests, using M27-A3 micro-broth dilution. We extracted DNA, sequenced Mrr2, and performed reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect mRNA expression levels of Mrr2 and Cdr1. In total, 40 isolates were sensitive, 10 were dose-dependently sensitive, and 30 were resistant to FCA. Mrr2 mutation occurred in 56·67% isolates, which was significantly higher than that in the FCA sensitive group (26·08%, P < 0·05). The mRNA expression level of Cdr1 in the FCA resistant group was significantly higher than that in the sensitive group Cdr1 (0·42 ± 0·294 vs 0·25 ± 0·289, P < 0·05). The odds ratio of FCA-resistant occurrence in C. albicans with Mrr2 mutation and high expression levels was 47·5 times higher than C. albicans without Mrr2 mutation and low expression levels. The results may provide new insights for improving VVC treatment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Significance and Impact of the Study: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus, which causes vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Fluconazole (FCA) is the most widely used drug in VVC infection. However, the widespread use of FCA has severely increased the incidence of FCA-resistant fungus. Therefore, the mechanism underlying FCA resistance in C. albicans must be elucidated urgently. This study demonstrated that high expression of Cdr1 and Mrr2 may directly be linked to C. albicans resistance to FCA, and high expression of Mrr2 may promote high expression of Cdr1 and mediate resistance of C. albicans to FCA. The results may provide new insights for improving VVC treatment.
journal_name
Lett Appl Microbioljournal_title
Letters in applied microbiologyauthors
Feng W,Yang J,Ji Y,Xi Z,Yang L,Zhu X,Ma Ydoi
10.1111/lam.13248subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-02-01 00:00:00pages
95-101issue
2eissn
0266-8254issn
1472-765Xjournal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章abstract:AIMS:To investigate interactions, if any, between temperature, ferric ammonium citrate and glycine betaine on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in modified Pine's medium (Pine et al. 1989). METHODS AND RESULTS:Modified Pine's medium containing 0, 0.044, 0.088 or 0.176 g l(-1) ferric ammonium citrate, and 0 or 1 mM ...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01237.x
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To enhance the overall expression level of lipase isozymes which catalyse the same reaction in Pichia pastoris through co-expression of isozymes from different sources; several types of co-expression ways were constructed to determine the co-expression efficiencies of lipase isozymes in P. pastoris. The results showed...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
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doi:10.1111/lam.12783
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01417.x
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An investigation of the biochemical, nutritional and pathogenic reactions of strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica and Ps. syringae pv. syringae showed them to be indistinguishable. Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica is a junior synonym of Ps. syringae pv. syringae. ...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1992.tb00744.x
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abstract::Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar are two microscopically indistinguishable amoebae living in the human colon. The former is a pathogen, whereas the latter is a nonpathogenic commensal. Using a model system of in vitro cocultures and PCR detection of the Entamoeba species, we found that the nonpathogenic spec...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02555.x
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02421.x
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1997.00200.x
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Crystal Enteric/Nonfermenter (E/NF) identification kit (Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems, USA) was evaluated using water-derived bacterial isolates and results compared to those obtained by the API 20E system (BioMérieux, UK). Both the E/NF and 20E systems correctly identified 93% of the Enterobacteriaceae re...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb01031.x
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02755.x
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12871
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12233
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12511
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02863.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00488.x
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emulsions of the fatty acids linoleic (C18:2 n-6), alpha-linolenic (C18:3 n-3) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) were incubated for 4 h under anaerobic conditions with human faecal suspensions. Linoleic acid was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) and there was a significant rise (P < 0.05) in its hydrogenation product...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00616.x
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abstract::A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin B was developed using rat monoclonal antibodies as capture antibodies and as a biotinylated conjugate. This test was sensitive, less than 1 ng/ml of enterotoxin B was detected and interference by protein A was prevented by the use of rat...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1991.tb00601.x
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12227
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01948.x
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1996.tb01110.x
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02386.x
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2012.03278.x
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01332.x
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02786.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wild type micro-organism producing antibacterial substances has been isolated from a Chinese fermented soybean seasoning and identified as Bacillus subtilis. A crude antibacterial preparation (CABP) was obtained by ammonium sulphate precipitation. Isoelectric focusing assay revealed at least four antimicrobial compo...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00545.x
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02911.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Condensed tannins (CTs), which extracted from yew leaves, tilia flower and black locust leaves, were examined for their antimicrobial in vitro activity against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Past research demonstrated that CTs which contain procyanidins and prodelphinidins that could inhibit the growth of a...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.13253
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three groups of substances were identified which inhibit the bactericidal activity of bacitracin. Beside two divalent metals, Mg2+ and Ca2+, and a metabolite with chelating properties, citrate, the most pronounced effect was observed with pyrophosphate. Metals probably prevent access of bacitracin to the lipid carrier...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1994.tb00916.x
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00