Abstract:
:We contextualize and provide commentary on articles in the current issue that address the nature, measurement, and consequences of exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and moral injury (MI). PMIEs involve acts of commission or omission of oneself and others and can include perpetration of, and failure to prevent, harm; MI includes "the lasting psychological, biological, spiritual, behavioral, and social impact of perpetrating, failing to prevent, or bearing witness to acts that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations" (Litz et al., 2009). New and informative research aims to characterize types of PMIEs among military service members and veterans, including in multinational samples. There are also ongoing efforts to devise outcome scales that reliably capture broad MI outcome themes. Further, several new measures of MI assess emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses of wrong-doing; the nature of distress following PMIEs in civilians, servicemembers, and veterans; and interpersonal consequences in youth. These are promising efforts toward ecologically valid definitions of a potential MI phenotype. Notably, PMIEs may or may not meet DSM PTSD Criterion A, yet early longitudinal data reveal predictive and reciprocal effects of MI and PTSD on one another. Further, a growing literature on MI outcomes beyond PTSD is identifying ways in which MI is linked to alcohol misuse and self-injurious behaviors. The sum of these efforts has led experts to consider the utility and shortcomings of extant PTSD interventions for individuals with MI. We address clinical implications of this emerging research domain, gaps in the literature, and future directions for research. :Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Comentario sobre el número especial sobre daño moral: avances, brechas en la literatura y direcciones futuras DAÑO MORAL: AVANCES, BRECHAS Y DIRECCIONES FUTURAS Contextualizamos y proporcionamos comentarios sobre los artículos en la edición actual que abordan la naturaleza, la medición y las consecuencias de la exposición a eventos potencialmente dañinos moralmente (PMIEs en sus siglas en inglés) y daño moral (DM). Los PMIEs implican actos de comisión u omisión de uno mismo y de los otros y pueden incluir la perpetración y la falla en la prevención, y daño; el DM incluye “el impacto duradero psicológico, biológico, espiritual, de comportamiento y social de perpetrar, no prevenir o dar testimonio de actos que transgreden creencias y expectativas morales profundamente arraigadas” (Litz et al. 2009). La investigación nueva e informativa tiene como objetivo caracterizar los tipos de PMIEs entre los miembros del servicio militar y los veteranos, incluso en muestras multinacionales. También hay esfuerzos continuos para diseñar escalas de resultados que capturen de manera confiable temas generales de resultados del DM. Además, varias medidas nuevas del DM evalúan las respuestas emocionales, cognitivas y conductuales de las malas acciones; la naturaleza de la angustia después de las PMIE en civiles, miembros del servicio y veteranos; y consecuencias interpersonales en la juventud. Estos son esfuerzos prometedores hacia definiciones ecológicamente válidas de un posible fenotipo del DM. En particular, los PMIE pueden o no cumplir con el Criterio A de TEPT, pero los datos longitudinales tempranos revelan efectos predictivos y recíprocos del DM y el TEPT entre sí. Además, una creciente literatura sobre resultados de DM más allá del TEPT está identificando formas en las que el DM está relacionado con el uso indebido de alcohol y las conductas autolesivas. La suma de estos esfuerzos ha llevado a los expertos a considerar la utilidad y las deficiencias de las intervenciones de TEPT existentes para las personas con DM. Abordamos las implicaciones clínicas de este dominio de investigación emergente, las brechas en la literatura y las direcciones futuras para la investigación. :Traditional and Simplified Chinese Abstracts by the Asian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (AsianSTSS) 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯 Commentary on the Special Issue on Moral Injury: Advances, Gaps in Literature, and Future Directions Traditional Chinese 標題: 道德創傷特刊評論:文獻的進展、不足和未來研究方向 撮要: 今期的論文均探討潛在會導致道德創傷的事件經歷(PMIEs)及道德創傷(MI)的本質、測量、後果, 我們將對這些論文作評論。PMIEs包含自己和他人的委托或不履行行為, 當中包括傷害行為和無法避免傷害的行為。MI則包括「目擊違反其根深蒂固的道德信念和期望的犯罪行為、作出該等行為或無法避免該等行為所構成的心理、生物學、精神、行為、社會層面的長期影響」(Litz et al. 2009)。現在新的研究提供有用資訊, 旨在找出現役和退役軍人的PMIEs種類, 亦有採用多國樣本;亦一直有研究嘗試設計量表, 為求可靠地找出MI症狀的廣泛主題。再者, 有些新的MI測量法評估對犯錯行為的情緒、認知、行為反應, 平民、現役和退役軍人經歷PMIEs後的悲痛本質, 及青少年當中的人際後果。這些研究發現對得出潛在MI表型的生態有效定義有所幫助。值得留意的是, PMIEs有可能符合或不符合PTSD的診斷準則A, 但初期的縱貫數據反映MI 和 PTSD對彼此有預測和相互效應。再者, 越來越多文獻探討PTSD以外的MI, 檢視MI跟濫用酒精和自殘行為的關連。以上的研究, 鼓勵專家考慮長久以來對PTSD患者提供的干預治療, 對有MI的人士的功用和不足。我們亦探討這個新型研究範疇的臨床貢獻、目前文獻的不足之處, 以及未來的研究方向。 Simplified Chinese 标题: 道德创伤特刊评论:文献的进展、不足和未来研究方向 撮要: 今期的论文均探讨潜在会导致道德创伤的事件经历(PMIEs)及道德创伤(MI)的本质、测量、后果, 我们将对这些论文作评论。PMIEs包含自己和他人的委托或不履行行为, 当中包括伤害行为和无法避免伤害的行为。MI则包括「目击违反其根深蒂固的道德信念和期望的犯罪行为、作出该等行为或无法避免该等行为所构成的心理、生物学、精神、行为、社会层面的长期影响」(Litz et al. 2009)。现在新的研究提供有用信息, 旨在找出现役和退役军人的PMIEs种类, 亦有采用多国样本;亦一直有研究尝试设计量表, 为求可靠地找出MI症状的广泛主题。再者, 有些新的MI测量法评估对犯错行为的情绪、认知、行为反应, 平民、现役和退役军人经历PMIEs后的悲痛本质, 及青少年当中的人际后果。这些研究发现对得出潜在MI表型的生态有效定义有所帮助。值得留意的是, PMIEs有可能符合或不符合PTSD的诊断准则A, 但初期的纵贯数据反映MI 和 PTSD对彼此有预测和相互效应。再者, 越来越多文献探讨PTSD以外的MI, 检视MI跟滥用酒精和自残行为的关连。以上的研究, 鼓励专家考虑长久以来对PTSD患者提供的干预治疗, 对有MI的人士的功用和不足。我们亦探讨这个新型研究范畴的临床贡献、目前文献的不足之处, 以及未来的研究方向。.
journal_name
J Trauma Stressjournal_title
Journal of traumatic stressauthors
Neria Y,Pickover Adoi
10.1002/jts.22402subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-06-01 00:00:00pages
459-464issue
3eissn
0894-9867issn
1573-6598journal_volume
32pub_type
abstract::Records of 318 adult and 608 child victims of crime, eligible for Crime Victims Compensation (CVC) in Washington State, were examined. Demographic, crime, and mental health information was collected. A majority of child victims had experienced sexual assault (88%); adults were victims of both sexual (38%) and physical...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/A:1007818402277
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inclusion of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases is an important development in the field of psychotraumatology. Complex PTSD was developed as a response to a clinical need to describe difficulties commonly associated with exposure to t...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type:
doi:10.1002/jts.22476
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined 24-hr levels of ambulatory heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in 2 groups of male veterans: 19 with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 17 who never met criteria for PTSD. The relationships between diagnostic status, basal cardiovascular activity, and cardiovascular reactivity to ...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000022623.01190.f0
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior trauma, current stress, and poor social support contribute to youth mental health problems. As daily stressors often increase in the aftermath of traumatic events, trauma could plausibly impact psychopathology not only directly but also indirectly via ongoing stress. In this study, we examined the relative roles...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/jts.22311
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors review sample composition and enrollment data for 34 studies cited in the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) 2000 Practice Guidelines as meeting the Level A U.S. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) classification for treatment of adult posttraumatic stress disorder (P...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jts.20050
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prospective studies of children exposed to war have not investigated disorders other than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and have methodological limitations. From a stratified random sample of 386 children and adolescents who had been interviewed 3 weeks after war exposure (Phase 1) a random subsample (N = 143) ...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.21895
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dissociative symptoms and abnormalities in pain perception have been associated with a range of disorders. The authors tested whether experimentally induced increases in state dissociation would cause an analgesic response. Participants (N = 120) were randomized to a dissociation induction condition via audiophotic st...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jts.20226
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) is a widely used DSM-correspondent self-report measure of PTSD symptoms. The PCL was recently revised to reflect DSM-5 changes to the PTSD criteria. In this article, the authors describe the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the PCL for DSM-5 (PCL-5). ...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22059
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the mental health and functional consequences associated with killing combatants and noncombatants. Using the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) survey data, the authors reported the percentage of male Vietnam theater veterans (N = 1200) who killed an enemy combatant, civilian, an...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20451
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suicide rates among recent veterans have led to interest in risk identification. Evidence of gender-and trauma-specific predictors of suicidal ideation necessitates the use of advanced computational methods capable of elucidating these important and complex associations. In this study, we used machine learning to exam...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22210
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::At 3 to 4 weeks after the December 2004 tsunami disaster we assessed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 264 children who lived in severely affected coastal communities in Manadkadu (northern coast), Kosgoda (western coast), and Galle (southern coast) in Sri Lanka. The prevalence rate of tsunami-relate...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/jts.20121
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occurs with panic spectrum problems. Relatively little empirical work has tested possible mechanisms accounting for this association. Nicotine dependence often ensues subsequent to PTSD onset and research suggests smoking high numbers of cigarettes daily may lead to p...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20384
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, several practice guidelines have appeared to inform clinical work in the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although there is a high level of consensus across these documents, there are also areas of apparent difference that may lead to confusion among those to whom the guideli...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20565
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The valence-arousal (W. Heller, 1993) and approach-withdrawal (R. J. Davidson, 1998a) models hypothesize that particular patterns of hemispheric brain activity are associated with specific motivational tendencies and psychopathologies. We tested several of these predictions in two groups-a posttraumatic stress disorde...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20319
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of the Cambodian version of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire in 488 Cambodian refugees residing in the United States. Five alternative conceptual models were compared. A model with four correlated factors reflecting symptoms of re-experiencin...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20196
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We comment on a recently published article in the Journal of Traumatic Stress that reviewed school-based interventions related to trauma. We point out the recent book published by Guilford Press on the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Practice Guildelines (2009), which also provides a thorough review...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20702
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to identify positive behavioural changes that people may make as a result of negotiating the aftermath of a traumatic experience, thereby extending the current cognitive model of posttraumatic growth (PTG). It was hypothesised that significant others would corroborate survivors' cognitive and behaviou...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.21730
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research has established that trauma-related symptoms may impede the formation of a strong working alliance (i.e., interpersonal connection, trust, and shared goals between therapist and client). As the alliance is critical in trauma-focused therapy, we studied how clients' pretherapy factors, including symptoms and p...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.21968
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::ICD-11 complex PTSD (CPTSD) is a new condition, and, therefore, there are as yet no clinical trials evaluating interventions for its treatment. In this paper, we provide the rationale for a flexible multimodular approach to the treatment of CPTSD, its feasibility, and some evidence suggesting its potential benefits. T...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22457
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A growing body of research suggests that killing during military combat is closely associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as a number of other adverse mental health related conditions (e.g., dissociative experiences, violent behavior, functional impairment). This article provides first-person pe...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.21938
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although initial findings indicated that threat-related attention bias variability (ABV), an index designed to capture dynamic shifts in threat-related attention over time, was positively correlated with the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, a recent study relying on simulated data has raised ...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22443
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been of interest in attempts to identify genetic vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although numerous HPA-axis genes have been implicated in candidate gene studies, the findings are mixed and interpretation is limited by study design and methodolog...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22484
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There remains limited evidence on comorbidity of mental disorders among conflict-affected civilians, particularly internally displaced persons (IDPs) and former IDPs who have returned to their home areas (returnees). The study aim was to compare patterns of mental disorders and their influence on disability between ID...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.21949
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study explored gambling among Australian veterans entering posttraumatic stress treatment programs (n = 153). Twenty-eight percent reached the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) criteria for probable problem gambling, as did 17% on the DSM-IV gambling scale (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, F...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20084
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) were modeled as intervening variables in the relationship between childhood traumatic stress and weight outcomes in civilian women in the United States. Of the 148 participants, 72 had current PTSD, 64 had current MDD, ...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20584
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined history of sexual assault in 357 men and women living with HIV-AIDS. Participants completed measures of demographic characteristics, sexual assault history, emotional distress and psychiatric symptoms, substance use, and sexual behaviors. Results showed that 68% of women and 35% of men living with ...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/A:1016247727498
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although most female veterans treated in specialized intensive Veterans Health Administration (VHA) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) programs receive services in settings in which over 95% of participants are men, two programs include only women. Whether outcomes for women with PTSD are superior in women-only prog...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/jts.22417
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines whether experiences with four different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) increase risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We examined impacts of physical, sexual, psychological, and stalking victimization by a current partner on PTSD symptoms, the extent to which each type o...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000048954.50232.d8
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social support, including support from spouses, may buffer against posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The current study assessed whether the frequency of spousal communication during a recent deployment, a potentially important source of support for soldiers, was related to postdeployment PTSD symptoms. Da...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20649
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of 60 households subjected to varying degrees of traumatic events were examined. Specific attention was given to the differential effect that traumatic events have on spouses, especially in terms of general anxiety, state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, and other symptoms related to trauma. The findi...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02105407
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00