Membrane tubulovesicular extensions (cytonemes): secretory and adhesive cellular organelles.

Abstract:

:In this review, we summarized data on the formation and structure of the long and highly adhesive membrane tubulovesicular extensions (TVEs, membrane tethers or cytonemes) observed in human neutrophils and other mammalian cells, protozoan parasites and bacteria. We determined that TVEs are membrane protrusions characterized by a uniform diameter (130-250 nm for eukaryotic cells and 60-90 nm for bacteria) along the entire length, an outstanding length and high rate of development and a high degree of flexibility and capacity for shedding from the cells. This review represents TVEs as protrusions of the cellular secretory process, serving as intercellular adhesive organelles in eukaryotic cells and bacteria. An analysis of the physical and chemical approaches to induce TVEs formation revealed that disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and inhibiting glucose metabolism or vacuolar-type ATPase induces TVE formation in eukaryotic cells. Nitric oxide is represented as a physiological regulator of TVE formation.

journal_name

Cell Adh Migr

authors

Galkina SI,Fedorova NV,Stadnichuk VI,Sud'ina GF

doi

10.4161/cam.23130

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-03-01 00:00:00

pages

174-86

issue

2

eissn

1933-6918

issn

1933-6926

pii

23130

journal_volume

7

pub_type

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