Abstract:
CONTEXT:Hepatitis B vaccination of hemodialysis patients is performed all over the world. There are also recommendations from world health organizations to vaccinate patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) prior dialysis commencement, but the implementation of a hepatitis B vaccination program is less common and not well organized. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:This review article summarizes data indicating why, when and how to vaccinate CKD patients before they start renal replacement therapy. Publication for this review was bringing into being from PubMed. RESULTS:There is an agreement in the nephrological societies and among clinicians and scientists that CKD patients should be vaccinated in early stages of their disease, because a higher glomerular filtration rate is more likely to be associated with the responsiveness to vaccination. Schedules of vaccination and optimal vaccine doses are still being investigated. Differences in data with respect to these problems may result from comparisons of various vaccine doses and vaccination schedules without reference to one gold standard, variations in patients` clinical status and glomerular filtration rate, and also the small groups of the affected patients make statistical analysis non-conclusive. A titer of antibodies to surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBs) > 10 IU/L or ≥ 10 IU/L is commonly considered as a marker of seroconversion to anti-HBs positivity after vaccination in both non-dialyzed and dialyzed patients. In advanced CKD, vaccine-induced serconversion rate is seldom observed in more than 90% of vaccinees. Various strategies have been utilized in order to increase vaccine-induced seroconversion rate in patients with advanced CKD. Changing the injection mode, the use of adjuvants and immunostimulants to improve the immunogenicity of existing recombinant hepatitis B vaccines, introduction of mammalian-cell derived pre-S/S HBV vaccines (third-generation vaccines) were tried in order to improve the immunization rate. CONCLUSIONS:There are a substantial number of non-responders to the hepatitis B vaccine among CKD patients. Therefore, successful prevention of hepatitis B virus transmission and spread will only be attained when hepatitis B vaccination is applied together with full implementation of appropriate infection control procedures.
journal_name
Hepat Monjournal_title
Hepatitis monthlyauthors
Grzegorzewska AEdoi
10.5812/hepatmon.7359subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-11-01 00:00:00pages
e7359issue
11eissn
1735-143Xissn
1735-3408journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine. The polymorphisms of its promoter gene have been considered to be related with the chronicity of hepatitis B infection. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymorphisms at different positions in the IL-10 promoter gene in p...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.28287v2
更新日期:2015-07-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Global prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection corresponds to about 130 million HCV positive patients worldwide. The only drug that effectively reduces viral load is interferon-α (IFN-α) and currently combination of IFN and ribavirin is the choice for treatment. OBJECTIVES:The present study is aimed...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.6184
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Viral hepatitis is a major health problem in Brazil and worldwide. The state of Santa Catarina has high endemic areas, and the disease burden is unknown. OBJECTIVES:To estimate and analyze the burden of hepatitis B in the state of Santa Catarina, in 2005 - 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A time-series analysis...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.31906
更新日期:2015-11-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Precore stop codon (G1896A) mutation is one of the commonest mutations found in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, over the years, this mutation was not reported much in Malaysia. OBJECTIVES:We therefore investigated the presence of G1896A mutation in Malaysian population and its association with H...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.31490
更新日期:2015-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Serum apoptotic cytokeratine 18 neoepitope M30 (CK-18 M30) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) have been popular markers for detecting liver fibrosis in recent years. CK-18 is a major intermediate filament protein in liver cells and one of the most prominent substrates of caspases during hepatocyte apopto...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.10106
更新日期:2013-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There have been very few studies evaluating the close association between excess iron and cirrhosis; however, cirrhosis could be regarded as an iron-loading disorder. OBJECTIVES:In this study, the goal was to show the levels of the iron content in the liver tissue in certain types of cirrhosis. PATIENTS AN...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.33710
更新日期:2015-12-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The entire disease spectrum of chronic HBV infection (CHB) includes asymptomatic carriers (AC), active chronic hepatitis (ACH), cirrhosis (Cir), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous study have demonstrated that the costimulation profiles from the livers of patients influenced immune responses and pla...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.34432
更新日期:2016-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are transmitted by blood transfusion. Thus, hemodialysis (HD) patients are more prone to become the carriers of these infections due to their treatment demands. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to assess the prevale...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.32971
更新日期:2016-01-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced hepatotoxicity could be due to a reduction in α2β1 integrin expression that may either be from the direct effect of CsA itself or from reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. OBJECTIVES:In this study we aimed to identify the cellular mechanisms underlying CsA-induced hepat...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.11447
更新日期:2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cytokines are proteins that mediate innate and adaptive immunity responses. It is hypothesized that interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) levels can influence the outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Polymorphisms in IFN genes have been associated with response to infection. OBJECTIVES:This study was...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.34266
更新日期:2016-03-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are surprisingly a few studies that evaluate the impact of chronic viral hepatitis, which is common in HD (hemodialysis) patients, on HRQOL (health related quality of life). OBJECTIVES:We conducted a study to evaluate the impact of chronic viral hepatitis on HRQOL and to compare their HRQOL with non-i...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.9611
更新日期:2013-05-30 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most widespread autosomal recessive genetic disorder that limits life expectation amongst the Caucasian population. As the median survival has increased related to early multidisciplinary intervention, other manifestations of CF have emerged especially for the broad spectrum of hepat...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.11215
更新日期:2013-08-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of newly-diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis is decisive for the overall incidence rate of hepatitis B observed in Poland. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to determine the chronic hepatitis B incidence trends in Poland, taking into consideration the ages, genders, and environments of the patients. METH...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.32692
更新日期:2016-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nearly 0.5% of Iranians are infected with HCV. Peginterferon-alpha-2a and Peginterferon-alpha-2b are the two available types of interferon for the treatment of hepatitis C. Comparing the results of these two treatments is still a challenge. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to compare the results of Pegi...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.30780
更新日期:2015-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis A, a fecal-oral transmitted disease, which has been considered endemic in developing countries, seems to change its pattern in developing countries because of their improved socioeconomic status. OBJECTIVES:In the present study, we aimed to determine the need of vaccination in 270 students at AJA ...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.26219
更新日期:2015-03-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:GB virus C (GBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly discovered and enveloped RNA positive-stranded flavivirus-like particle, which has not yet been proven to have major negative effects on liver. OBJECTIVES:Increasing the risk of blood-borne infections in hemodialysis patients is a main health care con...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.18322
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as a worldwide health problem is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With current treatment regimen, pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin, sustain virological response (SVR) is achieved in only 50% of infected individuals. In HCV infection, an in...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.14476
更新日期:2014-01-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malnutrition is the most common cause of immune deficiency. It results in reduced secretion of T-cells and B-cell-stimulating factors leading to declining of special immunoglobulins. On the other hand, hepatitis B, as a major world health problem, can be prevented effectively by vaccination. Three doses of h...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.7048
更新日期:2013-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasingly recognized as a major health care problem, and is found frequently in Pakistani settings. In this article we reviewed published and unpublished data related to the seroepidemiology of HCV infection in Pakistan. For this article, data from 132 published studies and thre...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is growing evidence suggesting that interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a crucial role in viral clearance and disease pathogenesis, and that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the gene may influence its production. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the potential association of two polymorphisms ( 137G/C a...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Approximately 5% of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers are coinfected with hepatitis D virus (HDV). HBV/HDV coinfection is a major cause of cirrhosis and end stage liver disease in chronic HBsAg carriers. The only approved therapy for chronic hepatitis delta is interferon alpha (IFN α) in either pegylated or c...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.15729
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of acute and chronic liver diseases worldwide. OBJECTIVES:In Italy, a mandatory vaccination policy was introduced in 1991 and was established for all newborns and 12-year-old individuals. In 2004, vaccination of 12-year old adolescents was...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/kowsar.1735143X.723
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite improvement in hepatitis B infection prevention through national vaccination programs, implementation of compulsory and thorough blood donor screening, and reduction of transfusion numbers due to erythropoietin administration,hepatitis B remains a major concern in hemodialysis (HD) centers [1]. Compa...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/kowsar.1735143X.751
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in western world. However, NAFLD shows an increasing trend in China every year, which has attracted the attention of national health authorities. The previous studies have shown that NAFLD caused severe gastrointestina...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.13674
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are several studies in the literature investigating factors which can induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in different populations. However, the existing literature lacks powerful studies addressing the factors which may predict the severity of NAFLD. OBJECTIVES:In the current study, we a...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.6860
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:The modern practice of anesthesia is highly dependent ona group of anesthetic drugs which many of them are metabolized in the liver. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:The liver, of course, usually tolerates this burden. However, this is not always an unbroken rule. Anesthetic induced apoptosis has gained great concern duri...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.13162
更新日期:2013-08-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:During antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B, renal function impairment could be a critical concern when oral nucleot(s)ide analogues were used. Paradoxically, long-term telbivudine treatment was associated with an increase of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) through unknown mechanisms. OBJEC...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.15074
更新日期:2014-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genetic polymorphisms may play role in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). OBJECTIVES:We purposed to assess the role of interleukin 6 (IL 6) and interleukin 8 (IL 8) gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of NASH. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Consecutive patients with biopsy proven NASH and...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.24635
更新日期:2014-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with chronic hepatitis B infection should be followed up to identify possible changes in disease status, such as HBsAg seronversion. There are little data on the outcome of such cases, and the response rate to HBV vaccine has not been discussed extensively. ...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Good knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the physicians allow them to handle their patients in such a way that they prevent themselves from contracting, and their patients from spreading, the infection. However, the Iranian standardized KAP questionnaire of physicians about viral hepatitis is not avail...
journal_title:Hepatitis monthly
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5812/hepatmon.7650
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00