Abstract：
:Heterotrimeric G proteins convey receptor signals to intracellular effectors. Superimposed over the basic GPCR-G protein-effector scheme are three types of auxiliary proteins that also modulate Gα. Regulator of G protein signaling proteins and G protein signaling modifier proteins respectively promote GTPase activity and hinder GTP/GDP exchange to limit Gα activation. There are also diverse proteins that, like GPCRs, can promote nucleotide exchange and thus activation. Here we review the impact of these auxiliary proteins on GPCR signaling. Although their precise physiological functions are not yet clear, all of them can produce significant effects in experimental systems. These signaling changes are generally consistent with established effects on isolated Gα; however, the activation state of Gα is seldom verified and many such changes appear also to reflect the physical disruption of or indirect effects on interactions between Gα and its associated GPCR, Gβγ, and/or effector.
journal_name
Prog Mol Biol Transl Scijournal_title
Progress in molecular biology and translational scienceauthors
Zhao P,Cladman W,Van Tol HH,Chidiac Pdoi
10.1016/B978-0-12-394587-7.00010-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
421-53eissn
1877-1173issn
1878-0814pii
B978-0-12-394587-7.00010-5journal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A metaplastic change where normal squamous mucosa of the esophagus is replaced by columnar mucosa is considered an adaptive process to withstand the chronic gastroesophageal reflux injury. However, this phenotypic switch in the esophageal mucosa is associated with an increased propensity to undergo neoplastic transfor...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-381280-3.00003-8
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genomic imprinting is the phenomenon where the expression of a locus differs between the maternally and paternally inherited alleles. Typically, this manifests as transcriptional silencing of one of the alleles, although many genes are imprinted in a tissue- or isoform-specific manner. Diseases associated with imprint...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-387685-0.00013-5
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Telomeres are long nucleotide repeats and protein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that are essential for maintaining chromosomal stability. They shorten with each cell division, and therefore, telomere length is a marker for cellular aging and senescence. Epidemiological research of telomeres investigates the rol...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-397898-1.00005-0
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of the inhibitory (Gi/o) class play critical physiological roles and the receptors that activate them are important therapeutic targets (e.g., mu opioid, serotonin 5HT1a, etc.). Gi/o proteins are negatively regulated by regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins. The redundant ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.04.010
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The innate immune system senses microbial infections using pattern-recognition receptors and signals to activate adaptive immunity. Type I transmembrane protein Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in antimicrobial immune responses. Upon the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, TLRs homo- ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-386931-9.00018-0
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized histopathologically by the presence of plaques, mainly composed of Abeta amyloid and the tangles, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. To date, there is no treatment that can reverse the disease, and all the current therapeutic...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-385506-0.00002-8
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-surface receptors govern the critical information passage from outside to inside the cell and hence control important cellular decisions such as survival, growth, and differentiation. These receptors, structurally grouped into different families, utilize common intracellular signaling-proteins and pathways, yet p...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.04.001
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The self-assembling protein shells of viruses have provided convenient scaffolds for the construction of many new materials with well-defined nanoscale architectures. In some cases, the native amino acid functional groups have served as nucleation sites for the deposition of metals and semiconductors, leading to organ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-415906-8.00002-9
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (or GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome and are the target of approximately half of all therapeutic drugs. GPCRs contain a conserved structure of seven transmembrane domains. Their amino terminus is located extracellularly, whereas the carboxy termin...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-386931-9.00008-8
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal pregnancy is associated with marked hemodynamic and uterine changes that allow adequate uteroplacental blood flow and uterine expansion for the growing fetus. These pregnancy-associated changes involve significant uteroplacental and vascular remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important regulators ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.001
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past two decades, new technologies enabling targeted modification of plant genomes have been developed. Among these are zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) which are composed of engineered zinc-finger DNA-binding domains fused with a nuclease, generally the FokI nuclease. The zinc-finger domains are composed of a se...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.006
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1982, the Cech group discovered that an intron structure in an rRNA precursor of Tetrahymena thermophila is sufficient to complete splicing without assistance from proteins. This was the first moment that scientists recognized RNAs can have catalytic activities derived from their own unique three-dimensional struct...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.07.001
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of chronic lung disease occurs as a consequence of multiple cellular events that involve an initial insult which often leads to the development of chronic inflammation, and the dysregulation of cellular proliferation and cell death mechanisms. Multiple cell types in the lung are key to the respiratory ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.02.001
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Grifola frondosa, a polypore fungus that grows at the base of trees, is an edible and medicinal mushroom with a large fruiting body characterized by overlapping caps. Japanese scholars found that Grifola frondosa polysaccharide or D-fraction is the major biologically active ingredient, which is a protein-bound glucan ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.010
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipofuscin is highly fluorescent material, formed in several tissues but best studied in the eye. The accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a hallmark of aging in the eye and has been implicated in various retinal degenerations, including age-related macular degeneration. The bis-retino...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.06.005
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The production of transgenic mice expressing different forms of the prion protein (PrP) or devoid of PrP has enabled researchers to study the role of PrP in the infectious process of a prion disease and its normal function in the healthy individual. A wide range of transgenic models have been produced ranging from PrP...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.06.008
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) comprise a diverse group of about 40 proteins which determine signaling amplitude and duration via modulation of receptor/G protein or receptor/effector coupling. Several members of the RGS family are expressed in the brain, where they have precise roles in regulation of importa...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1877-1173(09)86010-9
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The worldwide epidemic of metabolic disease indicates that a better understanding of the pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of this constellation of diseases need to be determined. Nuclear hormone receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that control development, differentiatio...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1877-1173(09)87001-4
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) devastates 6.3 million people, ranking it as one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative motor disorders worldwide. PD patients may manifest symptoms of postural instability, bradykinesia, and resting tremors as a result of increasing α-synuclein aggregation and neuron death with disease progr...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.007
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm because the histology of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by the loss of smooth muscle cells in the aortic media and the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.02.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the most sensitive, specific and practical of methods for detecting prions are the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays. These assays exploit the fundamental self-propagating activity of prions to amplify the presence of prion seeds by as much as a trillion-fold. The reactions can detect most of...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.06.003
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) has been implicated in the phosphorylation of multiple substrates and is subject to activation by a wide variety of signals that converge at mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In the course of the search for its physiological role, it was proposed that S6K activation and ribosomal ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1877-1173(09)90003-5
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyloidosis is a generic term for a group of diseases characterized by deposits in different organ systems of insoluble materials composed mainly of distinct fibrillar proteins named amyloid. Besides amyloid, heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), is commonly found in most amyloid deposits, suggesting that HS/HSPG may b...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1877-1173(10)93013-5
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue are the largest organs in the human body and both tissues act as endocrine organs capable of secreting many bioactive molecules. There has been some confusion about nomenclature and we suggest that the name myokine should be restricted to a protein or molecule secreted from myo...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.002
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in SNCA, PINK1, parkin, and DJ-1 are associated with autosomal-dominant or autosomal-recessive forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Studies on the structural and functional properties of the corresponding gene products have provided significant insights into t...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-385883-2.00011-4
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we describe the principles of protein surgery and its application to the molecular design for regulating the protein conformation. We initially describe the Poincare duality that defines the basis of complementarity in the time-dependent geometrical space. Next we introduce the theory of protein surgery consistin...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.004
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ndsts (N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferases) are enzymes responsible for N-sulfation during heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin biosynthesis. In this review, basic features of the Ndst1 enzyme are covered and a brief description of HS biosynthesis and its regulation is presented. Effects of Ndst1 deficiency on embryonic dev...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1877-1173(10)93003-2
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA damage signaling and checkpoint control pathways are among the most commonly mutated networks in human tumors. Emerging data suggest that synthetic lethal interactions between mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes with molecules involved in the DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways can be therapeutical...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-387665-2.00011-0
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pathologic aggregates of tau protein are observed in several neurodegenerative diseases and are used to diagnose and stage disease postmortem. Recent advances in positron emission tomography radioligands allow for the detection of aggregated tau proteins in living persons. This chapter describes the development and ch...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.07.007
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, involving complex interactions among the genetic makeup, neuroendocrine status, fetal programming, and different unhealthy environmental factors, such as sedentarism or inadequate dietary habits. Among the different mechanisms causing obesity, epigenetics, defined as the stud...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-375003-7.00011-X
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
