Abstract：
:To establish a clinical diagnosis of a parkinsonian disorder, physicians rely on their ability to identify relevant red flags, in addition to cardinal features, to support or refute their working diagnosis in an individual patient. The term 'red flag', was originally coined in 1989 to define the presence of non-cardinal features that may raise a suspicion of multiple system atrophy (MSA), or at least suggest alternative diagnosis to Parkinson's disease (PD). Since then, the term 'red flag', has been consistently used in the literature to denote the clinical history or signs that may signal to physicians the possibility of an atypical parkinsonian disorder (APD). While most red flags were originally based on expert opinion, many have gained acceptance and are now included in validated clinical diagnostic criteria of PD and APDs. The clinical appreciation of red flags, in conjunction with standard criteria, may result in a more accurate and earlier diagnosis compared to standard criteria alone. However, red flags can be clinical signs that are non-neurological, making the systematic assessment for them a real challenge in clinical practice. Here, we have conducted a systematic review to identify red flags and their clinical evidence in the differential diagnosis of common degenerative parkinsonism, including PD, MSA, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and dementia with Lewy body (DLB). Increasing awareness and appropriate use of red flags in clinical practice may benefit physicians in the diagnosis and management of their patients with parkinsonism.
journal_name
Parkinsonism Relat Disordjournal_title
Parkinsonism & related disordersauthors
Bhidayasiri R,Sringean J,Reich SG,Colosimo Cdoi
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.10.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-01 00:00:00pages
82-92eissn
1353-8020issn
1873-5126pii
S1353-8020(18)30437-1journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) is a neuropsychological battery developed with the intent of measuring a wide range of executive impairments. Although the psychometric characteristics of BADS have previously been investigated in distinct neurological disorders, data on its validity in Pa...
journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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doi：10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.07.003
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.11.009
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.03.024
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.06.009
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.parkreldis.2006.06.008
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1353-8020(03)00063-4
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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doi：10.1016/s1353-8020(99)00056-5
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.02.018
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.04.010
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:Involuntary movements are not a known feature of vitamin B12 (vB12) deficiency in adults, though they are a characteristic feature of vB12 deficiency in infants. This case report presents an adult patient with vB12 deficiency in whom, myoclonus-like muscular contractions appeared soon after the initiation of vB12 and ...
journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1353-8020(03)00065-8
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Parkinsonism & related disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.06.020
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
