Abstract:
:Peptidoglycan synthesis is an important target for antibiotics and relies on intermediates derived from central metabolism. As a result, alterations of metabolism may affect antibiotic sensitivity. An aspB mutant is auxotrophic for aspartate (Asp) and asparagine (Asn) and lyses when grown in Difco sporulation medium (DSM), but not in LB medium. Genetic and physiological studies, supported by amino acid analysis, reveal that cell lysis in DSM results from Asp limitation due to a relatively low Asp and high glutamate (Glu) concentrations, with Glu functioning as a competitive inhibitor of Asp uptake by the major Glu/Asp transporter GltT. Lysis can be specifically suppressed by supplementation with 2,6-diaminopimelate (DAP), which is imported by two different cystine uptake systems. These studies suggest that aspartate limitation depletes the peptidoglycan precursor meso-2,6-diaminopimelate (mDAP), inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, upregulates the cell envelope stress response mediated by σM and eventually leads to cell lysis. Aspartate limitation sensitizes cells to antibiotics targeting late steps of PG synthesis, but not steps prior to the addition of mDAP into the pentapeptide sidechain. This work highlights the ability of perturbations of central metabolism to sensitize cells to peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Zhao H,Roistacher DM,Helmann JDdoi
10.1111/mmi.14078subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-09-01 00:00:00pages
826-844issue
6eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The DNA of wild-type Streptomyces lividans 66 is degraded during electrophoresis in buffers containing traces of ferrous iron. S. lividans ZX1, a mutant selected for resistance to DNA degradation, simultaneously became sensitive to phi HAU3, a wide-host-range temperate bacteriophage. A DNA fragment conferring phi HAU3...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01065.x
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To identify proteins expressed in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 during exponential growth in defined medium, we separated soluble proteins of E. coli over two dimensions of native-state high-performance liquid chromatography, and examined the components of the protein mixtures in each of 380 fractions by peptide mass f...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03294.x
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell wall of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exclusively consists of hydroxyproline-containing glycoproteins. Protein chemical analysis of its polypeptide constituents was hindered by their cross-linking via peroxidase-catalysed intermolecular isodityrosine formation and transaminase-dependent...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07302.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penicillium marneffei is a thermally dimorphic opportunistic human pathogen with a saprophytic filamentous hyphal form at 25 degrees C and a pathogenic unicellular yeast form at 37 degrees C. During infection. P. marneffei yeast cells exist intracellularly in macrophages. To cope with nutrient deprivation during the i...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05477.x
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are the major bacterial cause of diarrhea in young children in developing countries and in travelers, causing significant mortality in children. Adhesive fimbriae are a prime virulence factor for ETEC, initiating colonization of the small intestinal epithelium. Simila...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12847
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-negative bacteria survive harmful environmental stressors by modifying their outer membrane. Much of this protection is afforded upon remodeling of the lipid A region of the major surface molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For example, the addition of cationic substituents, such as 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13018
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Frz pathway of Myxococcus xanthus controls cell reversal frequency to support directional motility during swarming and fruiting body formation. Previously, we showed that phosphorylation of the response regulator FrzZ correlates with reversal frequencies, suggesting that this activity represents the output of the ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13323
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis requires the differentiation of a subpopulation of cells responsible for the production of the extracellular matrix that structures the biofilm. Differentiation of matrix-producing cells depends, among other factors, on the FloT and YqfA proteins. These proteins are present exclu...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08205.x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Establishment of an axis of cell polarity and differentiation of the cell poles are fundamental aspects of cellular development in many organisms. We compared the effects of two bacterial cytoskeletal-like systems, the MreB and MinCDE systems, on these processes in Escherichia coli. We report that the Min proteins are...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04841.x
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial flagellar motor accommodates ten stator units around the rotor to produce large torque at high load. But when external load is low, some previous studies showed that a single stator unit can spin the rotor at the maximum speed, suggesting that the maximum speed does not depend on the number of active sta...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.14440
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The secretion of numerous proteins during vegetative growth of Myxococcus xanthus, and the multicellular development cycle induced upon starvation of these bacteria, are partially interrelated in so far as mutants impaired in extracellular protein production are unable to undergo development. We have cloned and sequen...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.2901655.x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a regulatory component of some key signalling proteins in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. For some of these functions, its interaction with co-chaperones is required. Limited proteolysis defined stable folded units of Hsp90. Both an N-terminal (N210) and a C-terminal (262C) fragment i...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01632.x
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A transposon mutant of Escherichia coli 5K was isolated which reduced 10- to 50-fold the secreted extracellular haemolytic activity of cells carrying the complete hlyCABD operon while leaving unaffected the intracellular haemolytic activity and the levels of intracellular and extracellular haemolysin protein, HlyA. Th...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00948.x
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial biofilms contain subpopulations of cells that are dormant and highly tolerant to antibiotics. While dormant, the bacteria must maintain the integrity of macromolecules required for resuscitation. Previously, we showed that hibernation promoting factor (HPF) is essential for protecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.14001
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of how obligate intracellular pathogens co-opt eukaryotic cellular functions has been limited by their intractability to genetic manipulation and by the abundance of pathogen-specific genes with no known functional homologues. In this report we describe a gene expression system to characterize protei...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05074.x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The AMA1 sequence is an efficient plasmid replicator and transformation enhancer in Aspergillus nidulans. It comprises two long perfect inverted repeats (MATE elements) flanking a short, unique, central spacer. Subclone analysis indicates that the complete inverted duplication, but not the unique central spacer, is ne...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02629.x
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type II restriction enzymes are paired with modification enzymes that protect type II restriction sites from cleavage by methylating them. A plasmid carrying a type II restriction-modification gene complex is not easily replaced by an incompatible plasmid because loss of the former leads to cell death through chromoso...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02436.x
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression from the Escherichia coli nrf operon promoter is activated by the anaerobically triggered transcription factor, FNR, and by the nitrate/nitrite ion-controlled response regulators, NarL or NarP, but is repressed by the IHF and Fis proteins. Here, we present in vitro studies on the nrf promoter, using permang...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04701.x
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent development of specific probes for lipid molecules has led to the discovery of lipid domains in bacterial membranes, that is, of membrane areas differing in lipid composition. A view of the membrane as a patchwork is replacing the assumption of lipid homogeneity inherent in the fluid mosaic model of Singer ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05317.x
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anammox bacteria exhibit remarkable and characteristic metabolic features that enable them to oxidize ammonium under anoxic conditions. Their ultrastructure is complex, with three compartments, comprising paryphoplasm, the riboplasm and the anammoxosome. The latter is surrounded by ladderane lipids, creating a lipid-s...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06839.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The haemolytic activity of Serratia marcescens is determined by two proteins, ShlA and ShlB. ShlA integrates into the erythrocyte membrane and causes osmotic lysis through channel formation. The conformation of ShlA and its interaction with erythrocyte membranes were studied by determining the cleavage of ShlA by adde...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00190.x
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparison of the Leishmania infantum genome with Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania major genomes has identified 25 L. infantum species-specific genes that are absent or pseudogenes in L. major and L. braziliensis. To determine whether these L. infantum species-specific genes are involved in visceral Leishmania i...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07230.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sequence determination of a region downstream from the vanXYc gene in Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 revealed an open reading frame, designated vanT, that encodes a 698-amino-acid polypeptide with an amino-terminal domain containing 10 predicted transmembrane segments. The protein contained a highly conserved pyridoxa...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01294.x
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium difficile, an emerging nosocomial pathogen of increasing clinical significance, produces two large protein toxins that are responsible for the cellular damage associated with the disease. The precise mechanisms by which toxin synthesis is regulated in response to environmental change have yet to be discove...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05739.x
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production of the bacterial DNA replication inhibitor Microcin B17 is induced as cultures enter stationary phase. Using S1 nuclease protection assays we have shown that this induction is the result of increased levels of transcription initiation from a promoter located upstream from mcbA, the structural gene for M...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1987.tb00512.x
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::PrkC was shown to be a eukaryotic-like (Hanks-type) protein kinase from Bacillus subtilis with a structural organization similar to that of the eukaryotic sensor Ser/Thr or Tyr kinases (e.g. the TGF beta or PDGF receptors). The molecule consists of a catalytic domain located in the cytoplasm, joined by a single transm...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03178.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cysteine peptidases of Entamoeba histolytica (EhCPs) are considered to be important pathogenicity factors. It has been described that under standard axenic culture conditions, only three (ehcp-a1, ehcp-a2 and ehcp-a5) out of approximately 50 cysteine peptidase genes present in the E. histolytica genome are substantial...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06672.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 1.3 kb cDNA (cDNA52) was derived from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote mRNA. Using single stranded probes in Northern blots, we identified the putative coding strand of cDNA52. In addition, a minor band was detected in RNA from epimastigotes that was absent in RNA from trypomastigotes. Nucleotide sequence analysis r...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01841.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromalveolates like the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum arose through the uptake of a red alga by a phagotrophic protist, a process termed secondary endosymbiosis. In consequence, the plastids are surrounded by two additional membranes compared with primary plastids. This plastid morphology poses additional barriers...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07142.x
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alternaria brassicicola is an important, necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes black spot disease on Brassicas. In order to study pathogenicity mechanisms, gene deletion mutants were generated for 21 putative regulatory genes including kinases and transcription factors subjectively selected from the annotated A. br...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06689.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00