An endogenous ligand of the brain sigma/PCP receptor antagonizes NMDA-induced neurotransmitter release.

abstract：:In adult female rats, estrogen receptor (ER) activation, particularly of ERbeta, promotes hippocampal neurogenesis. We previously reported that extranuclear ERbeta immunoreactivity (ir) in adult rats is on cellular profiles in or near the granule cell layer, which is the location of newly generated cells. During devel...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Herrick SP,Waters EM,Drake CT,McEwen BS,Milner TA

更新日期：2006-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) on the potentiation of the synaptic transmission were studied in rat hippocampal slices by using extracellular field potential recordings. The application of rIL-2 inhibited the induction of both short-term (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in a dose-dependent mann...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Tancredi V,Zona C,Velotti F,Eusebi F,Santoni A

更新日期：1990-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzymes catalyzing the breakdown of TRH are soluble and dependent upon active sulfhydryl groups. One of these enzymes is a pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.8) (apparent molecular weight 60,000 daltons) with a specificity restricted to pyroglutamyl peptide bonds. The second enzyme is a prolyl endopeptidase (a...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Busby WH Jr,Youngblood WW,Kizer JS

更新日期：1982-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice have been characterized previously as seizure-resistant and seizure-sensitive, respectively, a distinction based primarily upon a differential response to the convulsant effects of various drugs. In the present study, electroconvulsive shock (ECS) was used to assess maximal electrosh...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ferraro TN,Golden GT,Snyder R,Laibinis M,Smith GG,Buono RJ,Berrettini WH

更新日期：1998-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence is presented which suggests that central neural changes occur during the brief early phase after subcutaneous formalin injection that are essential for the expression of pain during the long-lasting (tonic) later phase. First, tonic pain responses to subcutaneous formalin injections are abolished only if the ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Coderre TJ,Vaccarino AL,Melzack R

更新日期：1990-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A significant fall in the number of GABA-immunoreactive cells in laminae I-III of the rat spinal cord occurred in the somatotopic area of projection of the sciatic nerve after nerve transection. The decrease started at 2 weeks post-neurectomy, and at 4 weeks ipsilateral mean cell numbers were approximately 72% of cont...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Castro-Lopes JM,Tavares I,Coimbra A

更新日期：1993-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Drebrins are developmentally regulated proteins found in chicken brain and are classified into two forms of the embryonic type (E1 and E2) and one form of the adult type (A). Although the time courses of their appearance are different from each other, the structures of the 3 forms are closely related. Two kinds of dre...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Kojima N,Kato Y,Shirao T,Obata K

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The experimental evidence linking glutamate to ischemic neuronal injury is derived from in vitro or in vivo animal stroke models. We, therefore, developed an in vitro preparation to determine whether glutamate contributes to early neuronal swelling in oxygen and glucose deprived (OGD) human neocortical slices. In orde...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Werth JL,Park TS,Silbergeld DL,Rothman SM

更新日期：1998-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical activity has been related to antioxidant adaptations, which is associated with health benefits, including those to the nervous system. Additionally, available data suggest exercise and a caloric restriction regimen may reduce both the incidence and severity of neurological disorders. Therefore, our aim was to...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Santin K,da Rocha RF,Cechetti F,Quincozes-Santos A,de Souza DF,Nardin P,Rodrigues L,Leite MC,Moreira JC,Salbego CG,Gonçalves CA

更新日期：2011-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Recordings of single unit activity before, during and after a 1-h continuous exposure were made from the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulbs of awake rabbits. Thirteen complete 1-h exposures were performed using 8 neurons, while a further 6 neurons were lost before the end of the exposure. During the first few mi...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Chaput MA,Panhuber H

更新日期：1982-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years estradiol has emerged as a potential regulator of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) cationic channels in the peripheral tissues and sensory neurons, however, its analogous role in the CNS is poorly understood. TRPV channels modulate Ca2+ signalling, neurotransmission and behaviour, and expr...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Kumar S,Singh O,Singh U,Goswami C,Singru PS

更新日期：2018-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This review summarizes the anatomical and functional organization of the frontal cortex of the rat in comparison to primates. Lesions of the primary motor or of the prefrontal cortex of both primates and rodents produce a consistent constellation of symptoms that are strikingly similar across species as diverse as rat...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Kolb B

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine whether the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we compared cardiovascular responses to ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium or vasopressin antagonism with dPVAVP in sham-operated or PVN lesioned SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Takeda K,Nakata T,Takesako T,Itoh H,Hirata M,Kawasaki S,Hayashi J,Oguro M,Sasaki S,Nakagawa M

更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its binding sites in the bulbocavernosus, a striated muscle, are reported. We used immunohistochemistry and [125I]CGRP autoradiography. The pattern of [125I]CGRP binding was restricted to a discrete band that coincides with the distribution of end-plates i...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Popper P,Micevych PE

更新日期：1989-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a major excitatory mechanism for the expression of feline defensive rage behavior involves the medial nucleus of the amygdala which utilizes substance P as a neurotransmitter in a direct output pathway that supplies the medial hypothalamus. In phase I of the e...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Shaikh MB,Steinberg A,Siegel A

更新日期：1993-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunohistochemical distribution of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) alpha and beta isoforms in the rat forebrain was examined by using monoclonal antibodies specific to each isoform. The present study confirmed that alpha and beta immunoreactivities are localized only in neuronal elemen...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ochiishi T,Terashima T,Yamauchi T

更新日期：1994-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The behavioral and EEG effects of rat and ovine corticotropin releasing factor (r- and o-CRF) were compared. Both peptides were injected intracerebroventricularly into rats through chronically implanted cannulae. At the doses of 0.1 and 1 microgram both peptides activated the EEG and stimulated motor activity. At the ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Marrosu F,Mereu G,Fratta W,Carcangiu P,Camarri F,Gessa GL

更新日期：1987-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The study examined whether intravenous (i.v.) leptin increased Fos-production in spinally projecting neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We combined (i) rhodamine tagged microspheres injected into the upper thoracic spinal cord and (ii) Fos (marker of neuronal activation) immunohistochemistry. E...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Badoer E,Ryan A

更新日期：1999-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptive decision making in dynamic social settings requires frequent re-evaluation of choice outcomes and revision of strategies. This requires an array of multiple cognitive abilities, such as working memory and response inhibition. Thus, the disruption of such abilities in schizophrenia can have significant implica...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Kim H,Lee D,Shin YM,Chey J

更新日期：2007-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Efflux of choline from the rat cerebral cortex in vivo was investigated using the cup technique. After removal of the dura mater, the cup was placed on the cortex. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cortex was separated from the cup solution (100-300 microliter) by basal lamina, pia mater,...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Brehm R,Corradetti R,Krahn V,Löffelholz K,Pepeu G

更新日期：1985-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular injection technique of HRP with simultaneous recordings of intracellular potential was applied to the crab X-organ-sinus gland peptidergic neurosecretory neurons. At least two classes of neurons were discriminated from the usual type of neurosecretory neurons morphologically as well as electrophysiol...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Nagano M

更新日期：1986-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The retrogradely-transported tracer, rhodamine-tagged microspheres was injected into the pressor region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) to enable detection of paraventricular neurons in the hypothalamus that project to the RVLM. The protein, Fos, was detected immunohistochemically and used to highlight neu...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Badoer E

更新日期：1998-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Memory and perception are two tightly interrelated cognitive processes, but the neural level of their interaction remains a matter of debate. Proponents of a late interaction emphasize feedback memory effects on visual processing, whereas others suggest that feed forward processing is affected by memory. In the visual...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Chaumon M,Hasboun D,Baulac M,Adam C,Tallon-Baudry C

更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The hindpaw was partially denervated by the tibial nerve transection in adult rats. At post-transection intervals varying from 2 to 168 days, the hindpaw was stimulated bilaterally by subcutaneous injection of formalin. The excitability of dorsal horn neurons was expressed as the percentage ratio of the number of form...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Sugimoto T,Ichikawa H,Mitani S,Hitsu A,Nakago T

更新日期：1994-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to identify the medullary vagal nuclei involved in the different phases of swallowing activated physiologically in a species with an esophagus similar to human. In decerebrate cats, the pharyngeal (0.5-1.0 ml water in pharynx (N=6)) or esophageal (1-3 ml air in esophagus (N=5)) phases of swal...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Lang IM,Dean C,Medda BK,Aslam M,Shaker R

更新日期：2004-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of lung inflation on the excitability of inspiratory neurons of the dorsal respiratory group was studied in decerebrate, paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats. Variations in the antidromic latency (AL) were used as a measure of the changes in excitability. The antidromic responses of single cells were rec...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Davies RO,Metzler J,Silage DA,Pack AI

更新日期：1986-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular recording was used to investigate spontaneously active neurons in all four major nuclei of the rat vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) in brainstem slices. The density of spontaneously active neurons was highest in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), slightly lower in the superior (SuVN) and spinal (SpVN) ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Sun Y,Waller HJ,Godfrey DA,Rubin AM

更新日期：2002-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A classification of the parietal corticofugal neurons was performed in cats under Nembutal anesthesia. Eighty-eight neurons were identified with antidromic activation by the pontine stimulation. Thirteen neurons were furthermore identified with intracellular HRP staining. In these neurons, we found the close correlati...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Samejima A,Yamamoto T,Ito J,Oka H

更新日期：1985-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Data reported up to now on neuron-glia relationships, show that neuron cell bodies and glial cells are separated by a narrow intercellular cleft which is considered as the microenvironment of the nervous system, and where neuron-glia exchange occurs. We present here evidence that neuron perikarya and ensheathing glial...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Cuadras J,Martin G,Czternasty G,Bruner J

更新日期：1985-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) affects several CNS functions such as regulation of sleep, body temperature, and feeding during pathology. There is also evidence for TNFalpha involvement in physiological sleep regulation, e.g., TNFalpha induces sleep and brain levels of TNFalpha increase during prolonged wakefu...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： De A,Krueger JM,Simasko SM

更新日期：2005-08-16 00:00:00