Abstract:
UNLABELLED:Susceptibility or resistance to prion infection in humans and animals depends on single prion protein (PrP) amino acid substitutions in the host, but the agent's modulating role has not been well investigated. Compared to disease incubation times in wild-type homozygous ARQ/ARQ (where each triplet represents the amino acids at codons 136, 154, and 171, respectively) sheep, scrapie susceptibility is reduced to near resistance in ARR/ARR animals while it is strongly enhanced in VRQ/VRQ carriers. Heterozygous ARR/VRQ animals exhibit delayed incubation periods. In bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infection, the polymorphism effect is quite different although the ARR allotype remains the least susceptible. In this study, PrP allotype composition in protease-resistant prion protein (PrP(res)) from brain of heterozygous ARR/VRQ scrapie-infected sheep was compared with that of BSE-infected sheep with a similar genotype. A triplex Western blotting technique was used to estimate the two allotype PrP fractions in PrP(res) material from BSE-infected ARR/VRQ sheep. PrP(res) in BSE contained equimolar amounts of VRQ- and ARR-PrP, which contrasts with the excess (>95%) VRQ-PrP fraction found in PrP in scrapie. This is evidence that transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agent properties alone, perhaps structural aspects of prions (such as PrP amino acid sequence variants and PrP conformational state), determine the polymorphic dependence of the PrP(res) accumulation process in prion formation as well as the disease-associated phenotypic expressions in the host. IMPORTANCE:Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative and transmissible diseases caused by prions. Amino acid sequence variants of the prion protein (PrP) determine transmissibility in the hosts, as has been shown for classical scrapie in sheep. Each individual produces a separate PrP molecule from its two PrP gene copies. Heterozygous scrapie-infected sheep that produce two PrP variants associated with opposite scrapie susceptibilities (136V-PrP variant, high; 171R-PrP variant, very low) contain in their prion material over 95% of the 136V PrP variant. However, when these sheep are infected with prions from cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy [BSE]), both PrP variants occur in equal ratios. This shows that the infecting prion type determines the accumulating PrP variant ratio in the heterozygous host. While the host's PrP is considered a determining factor, these results emphasize that prion structure plays a role during host infection and that PrP variant involvement in prions of heterozygous carriers is a critical field for understanding prion formation.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Langeveld JP,Jacobs JG,Hunter N,van Keulen LJ,Lantier F,van Zijderveld FG,Bossers Adoi
10.1128/JVI.02316-15subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-28 00:00:00pages
805-12issue
2eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.02316-15journal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) LANA is an 1,162-amino-acid protein that tethers terminal repeat (TR) DNA to mitotic chromosomes to mediate episome persistence in dividing cells. C-terminal LANA self-associates to bind TR DNA. LANA contains independent N- and C-terminal chromosome binding regions. N-ter...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02395-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe spontaneous second-site reversions within the coat protein open reading frame that rescue the systemic-spread phenotype and increase virion stability of a mutant of brome mosaic virus. Based on the crystal structure of the related cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, we show that the modified residues are spatia...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.3.2500-2504.1997
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-10 (IL-10) suppresses the maturation and cytokine production of dendritic cells (DCs), key regulators of adaptive immunity, and prevents the activation and polarization of naïve T cells towards protective gamma interferon-producing effectors. We hypothesized that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizes its v...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.16.8720-8731.2004
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase was induced in chick embryo fibroblast cells after infection with Sendai virus (parainfluenza 1 virus). The enzyme was associated with the microsomal fraction of infected cells and reached maximum detectable activity at 18 hr after virus infection. The activity of the ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.5.6.663-671.1970
更新日期:1970-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we investigated the pre-steady-state deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) incorporation kinetics of primate foamy virus (PFV) reverse transcriptase (RT) in comparison with those of HIV-1 and MuLV RTs. PFV RT displayed a drastic reduction in primer extension at low dNTP concentrations where HIV-1 RT remains highly...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00088-08
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in recovery from a number of viral infections. They are also implicated in virus-induced immunopathology as best demonstrated in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of adult immunocompetent mice. In the present study, the structure of the T-cell rece...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.12.5919-5926.1990
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and its host range variant, canine parvovirus (CPV), can bind the feline transferrin receptor (TfR), while only CPV binds to the canine TfR. Introducing two CPV-specific changes into FPV (at VP2 residues 93 and 323) endowed that virus with the canine TfR binding property and allowed ca...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.18.10099-10105.2003
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5A8, which is reactive with domain 2 of CD4, blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and syncytium formation of CD4+ cells (L. C. Burkly, D. Olson, R. Shapiro, G. Winkler, J. J. Rosa, D. W. Thomas, C. Williams, and P. Chisholm, J. Immunol., in press). Here we s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.8.4784-4793.1992
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficiency of processing of polyoma viral RNA and of its export from nucleus to cytoplasm was measured in primary mouse kidney cells by comparing the initial rates of incorporation of [3H]uridine into cytoplasmic and nuclear viral RNA. Appropriate methods of cell fractionation were chosen to maximize yields of cyt...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.37.2.628-635.1981
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses are both inducers and targets of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), a natural defense mechanism in plants. Here we report molecular evidence of the ability of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses to induce PTGS in infected plants irrespective of the severity of or recovery from the symptoms. Our results...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.14.7465-7477.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are emerging zoonotic viruses and the causative agents of severe respiratory disease and encephalitis in humans. Little is known about the mechanisms that govern the development of respiratory and neurological disease. Using a hamster model of lethal NiV and HeV infection, we d...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00473-11
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4C/HIV(nef) transgenic (Tg) mice express Nef in CD4+ T cells and in the cells of the macrophage/monocyte/dendritic lineage, and they develop an AIDS-like disease similar to human AIDS. In these mice, Nef is constitutively expressed throughout life. To rule out the contribution of any developmental defects caused by ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01466-09
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have constructed two point mutants of Rous sarcoma virus in which the amino-terminal glycine residue of the transforming protein, p60src, was changed to an alanine or a glutamic acid residue. Both mutant proteins failed to become myristylated and, more importantly, no longer transformed cells. The lack of transform...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.58.2.468-474.1986
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prepared retrovirus packaging cell lines containing gag-pol genes from spleen necrosis virus (expressed from a cytomegalovirus promoter and the simian virus 40 (SV40) polyadenylation sequences) and, on a separate vector, either the env gene from spleen necrosis virus (expressed from the Rous sarcoma virus promoter ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.7.3209-3212.1989
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV)-transformed lymphoblastoid tumor cell lines were characterized for the presence of the surface markers. Monoclonal antibodies were used for CD3 (T-cell receptor [TCR] complex), TCR1, TCR2, and TCR3, CD4, CD8, and Ia antigen by indirect fluorescence staining followed by microscopic exa...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.3.1408-1413.1991
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclei of cells infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) were examined for the presence of gag proteins. This analysis was performed in conjunction with other studies suggesting a possible role for gag proteins in regulating nuclear events relating to processing and/or transport of viral genomic RNA. We de...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.3.1350-1356.1993
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The St-1 genome is about 6,050 base pairs in size, approximately 10% larger than phiX174 (5,375 base pairs). The DNA fragments obtained by HincII, HaeIII, and EcoRI digestion were ordered and aligned into a colinear map, and the single BglI cleavage site was located. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.27.3.738-744.1978
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linear hepadnavirus DNA in primary hepatocyte cultures efficiently participates in intra- and intermolecular nonhomologous recombination at its ends. The products of this recombination are (i) monomeric covalently closed circular DNAs (cccDNAs) with deletions and insertions around the site of joining and (ii) oligomer...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.7.4029-4036.1995
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae, is a major public health threat in Egypt and sub-Saharan Africa. The viral and host cellular factors that contribute to RVFV virulence and pathogenicity are still poorly understood. All pathogenic RVFV strains direct the synthesis of a nonstruct...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.3.1371-1377.2001
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycoprotein B (gB) is a conserved herpesvirus virion component implicated in membrane fusion. As with many-but not all-herpesviruses, the gB of murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) is cleaved into disulfide-linked subunits, apparently by furin. Preventing gB cleavage for some herpesviruses causes minor infection deficits in ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00709-13
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Pr55Gag molecule with the plasma membrane of an infected cell is an essential step of the viral life cycle. Myristic acid and positively charged residues within the N-terminal portion of MA constitute the membrane-binding domain of Pr55Gag. A separate ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.4.2723-2732.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) has recently been classified as an aphthovirus, a genus otherwise comprised of the different serotypes of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). FMDV initiates translation via a type II internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) and utilizes two in-frame AUG codons to produce the leader proteina...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.24.11708-11716.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the role of the hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site (HCV IRES) domain IV in translation initiation and regulation, two chimeric IRES elements were constructed to contain the reciprocal domain IV in the otherwise HCV and classical swine fever virus IRES elements. This permitted an examination ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.21.12075-12081.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We isolated, purified, and characterized the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of human parainfluenza virus type 1, with the ultimate goal of producing crystals suitable for three-dimensional X-ray structure analysis. Pronase was used to cleave the globular head of the HN molecule directly from virus particles, forming...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.12.7597-7600.1992
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defective interfering particles (DIPs) of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1; Kentucky A strain) mediate persistent infection. DNA sequences at the L terminus, which contain the UL2 gene (homolog of UL55 of herpes simplex virus type 1 and open reading frame 3 of varicella-zoster virus) of standard EHV-1, have been shown to b...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.4.2255-2265.1993
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::F proteins from baculovirus nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) group II members are the major budded virus (BV) viral envelope fusion proteins. They undergo furin-like proteolysis processing in order to be functional. F proteins from different baculovirus species have a long cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD), ranging from 48 (Spo...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01178-06
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), a common human respiratory pathogen, is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract disease in children and adults. Currently, no antiviral drugs are available to treat CoV infections; thus, potential drug targets need to be identified and characterized. Here, we identify...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02747-06
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2010 and 2011, several devastating Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks occurred in China, affecting broilers, layers, and breeders. The CK-JSX1-201005 virus was isolated from broiler breeder flocks vaccinated with the classical ND virus (NDV) vaccine program, but laying rate decreased from 80% to 30 to 40% in the clin...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02314-12
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genus β human papillomavirus (HPV) type 8 is associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and evidence for its protumorigenic potential in the general population increases. To date, strategies to suppress genus β HPV infections are limited. Interferon regulatory factors...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00998-10
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on the use of spectral map analysis of the inter- and intraclade neutralization data of 14 sera of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals and 16 primary isolates, representing genetic clades A to H in group M and group O. This multivariate analysis has been used previously to study ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.9.6235-6243.1996
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00