Abstract:
:Heart rate measures were used to examine the functional response of young chimpanzees and orangutans to acoustic stimuli, including white noise and chimpanzee vocalizations (threat, stress, and alarm). The initial response of the animals to all stimuli was characterized by a prominent cardiac deceleration and an increase in heart period variability. The deceleratory responses persisted with repeated presentations of the noise, stress, and alarm stimuli. In contrast, the response of chimpanzees to the conspecific threat stimulus reverted over trials to a notable cardiac acceleration. This acceleratory response was not attributable to potential patterns of evoked somatic responses. The features of the cardiac response, together with the results of frequency-domain analyses of heart period variability, suggest that this acceleratory response was consistent with the evocation of an aversive or a defensive reaction characterized by sympathetic activation. This pattern of cardiac response appeared early in ontogeny (within 48 hr postnatally) and was not manifest in orangutans. Taken together, the results suggest the existence of specialized perceptual processing mechanisms for vocal stimuli in the chimpanzee. Further examination of these mechanisms may contribute to our understanding of central perceptual processes and the evolution of vocal communication.
journal_name
Behav Neuroscijournal_title
Behavioral neuroscienceauthors
Berntson GG,Boysen STdoi
10.1037//0735-7044.103.2.235subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-04-01 00:00:00pages
235-45issue
2eissn
0735-7044issn
1939-0084journal_volume
103pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are thought to play an important role in fear motivation. The primary objective of the present study was to determine the connection between DA D2, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)A, and benzodiazepine receptors in the VTA and footshock-associated emot...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors are thought to modulate aversion, whereas the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) is a common pathway for the integration of fear behaviors. The authors determined whether injection of an NK-1 agonist (GR73632) into subregions of the PAG would alter fear-related behaviors. Behavioral...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.5.1125
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the neural substrates underlying the development of a conditioned place preference (CPP) to morphine (2 mg/kg x 3 pairings) by testing whether lesions of 7 different neural sites block a morphine-induced CPP. Lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), the periaqueductal gray (PAG), o...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.111.6.1313
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explore the role of the cerebellum in sustained attention, the authors tested lurcher, wildtype, and lurcher chimeric mice with zero, normal, and variable numbers of Purkinje cells, respectively, in a previously validated task of sustained attention. Results indicate that lurcher mice had a deficit in performance l...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.2.477
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idazoxan, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist (2 mg/kg), enhanced novel object investigation in a holeboard in rats as previously reported (V. Devauges & S. J. Sara, 1990). Two weeks of 10 min/day in 37 degrees C water increased dopamine-beta-hydroxylase staining density in the locus coeruleus but did not enhance novel...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.117.3.621
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests that underlying patterns of cortical activation may partially account for individual differences in susceptibility to the effects of sleep deprivation. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine the activation of military pilots whose sleep-deprivation vulnerability...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.119.3.694
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amiloride-sensitive sodium channels in taste buds appear to play a key role in the response to NaCl stimulation, at least in adult rats. The researchers examined whether neonatal rats, which display an exaggerated preference for hypertonic NaCl solutions, lack functional amiloride-sensitive sodium channels. NaCl intak...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.981
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In four experiments we reexamined the recent report by Labbe, Firl, Mufson, and Stein (1983) that fetal cortical tissue transplanted to an aspirative prefrontal cortical cavity in rats can ameliorate the learning impairments induced by the aspirative lesions. Healthy surviving grafts from young (E16) embryonic donors ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.101.4.489
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theories of habituation have included an increase in postsynaptic inhibition as one possible mechanism underlying response decrement following repetitive stimulus presentation. In this study, the glycine antagonist strychnine (1.0 mg/kg, ip, 10 min pretreatment) was used to investigate the involvement of glycinergic n...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.98.6.955
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly developed odor learning was shown in the terrestrial slug Limax maximus. In addition, several key cellular elements of the neural network that controls ingestive feeding have been identified. The results of 3 experiments demonstrate an interaction between odor input and ingestive feeding in that olfactory stimu...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.106.3.563
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alert wakefulness (W) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) are remarkably similar on several measures of brain activity, but 2 differences in REM are reduced sensory responsiveness and atonia in postural muscles. Pontine tegmental lesions create REM without atonia (REM-A), releasing motor behavior. In 9 cats, we studied...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.109.5.972
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative influence of morphine microinjected into the periaqueductal gray, ventral medulla (nucleus raphé magnus or nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis), or spinal subarachnoid space on the thresholds of responses organized at spinal (spinal motor reflexes, SMRs), medullary (vocalizations elicited during shock, ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.109.3.502
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Caffeine is frequently consumed concurrent to or immediately following ethanol consumption. Identifying how caffeine and ethanol interact to modulate behavior is essential to understanding the co-use of these drugs. The plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT) allows within-subject measurement of le...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0017610
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although decorticated rats are able to engage in play, their play is abnormal in three ways. First, decorticates do not display the normal, age-related shifts in defensive strategies during development. Second, decorticates do not modify their defensive tactics in response to the social identity of their partners. Thi...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0017617
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) in rats is attenuated by a light paired with food or, in humans, by "pleasant" pictures. Rats were trained to barpress for lateral hypothalamus (LH) stimulation. ASR amplitudes were then measured at 4 intensities, with or without a light. Control rats that did not receive brain-stimul...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of energy intake depends in part on both memory for prior food intake and internal signals of hunger and satiety. These functions are both mediated by the hippocampus, a brain structure that animal studies have shown to be impaired after maintenance on high fat and refined sugar (HFS) diets. Study 1, using ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0025998
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Down-regulation of negative emotions has been shown to reliably inhibit the emotion-modulated startle reflex, but it remains unclear whether the timing of the startle probe influences the quantification of emotion regulation with this measure. Moreover, it is not known whether the degree of startle inhibition correspo...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/bne0000271
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present experiment was designed to determine whether infusions of naloxone into specific brain sites can block sexual reinforcement as evaluated with the conditioned place preference procedure. Methylnaloxonium (5 micrograms/cannula) was infused bilaterally either into the medial preoptic area (MPOA) or into the n...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.107.5.812
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trace eyeblink classical conditioning was assessed in patients with bilateral medial-temporal amnesia and matched control participants who had previously shown equivalent delay eyeblink conditioning (J. D. E. Gabrieli et al., 1995). The silent trace interval varied for durations of 500, 750, or 1,000 ms in successive ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.111.5.873
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A very high correlation was found in rats between latency to escape on the first trial of an active avoidance task and the rate at which [leu]enkephalin is hydrolyzed in plasma. In addition, the rate of [leu]enkephalin hydrolysis is significantly altered following the first training trial. The results suggest that a r...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.102.3.404
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A learning event can be dissociated into 3 components: acquisition, storage, and recall. When the laboratory wild-type strain of Caenorhabditis elegans (N2 strain) is exposed to benzaldehyde in the absence of food, the worms display a reduction of their attractive response to this volatile odorant. This results from t...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118.6.1206
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) form a pair bond with a female partner after mating, and this behavior is regulated by the neuropeptide vasopressin (AVP). The authors report that AVP in the lateral septum is important for pair bond formation. Administration of an AVP V1a receptor antagonist in the lateral se...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.115.4.910
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor-α (ERα), testosterone (T), and androgen receptor (AR) can contribute to anxiety, but whether they are associated with the reversion of prenatal adverse outcomes remains unclear. Here, we tested the interactive effects of prenatal maternal restraint stress and early postnatal short...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/bne0000094
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gerbils aged 3 months and 24+ months were subjected to 5 min of global forebrain ischemia and tested in a radial arm maze (1 trial/day, 50 days). Compared with age-matched, sham-operated controls, ischemic animals were impaired on measures of both working and reference memory. Aged animals were impaired on working mem...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.4.937
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is implicated in diverse aspects of behavioral regulation, cognitive control, and memory. However, direct neuropsychological evidence supporting a requirement of this area in functions other than spatial working memory has been scarce. T. L. Moore, S. P. Schettler, R. J. Kill...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0015236
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immature gustatory system of the neonatal rat is characterized by sensitivity to disruption by early interventions such as receptor or nerve damage. The present studies examined the effect of chorda tympani transection (neoCTX) of neonates on adult preference for salt and nonsalt stimuli. NeoCTX at 10 days of age ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.110.3.551
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine whether the hippocampus is required for memory for unique experiences independent of their spatial or temporal context, the authors devised a novel task that requires rats to remember odor-reward associations formed within a single training trial. Unlike previous tests of 1-trial memory, in this task new as...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118.3.526
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two preparations in which sensory nerve stimulation was used to obtain peripherally induced spinal fixation in spinal rats are described. In the first preparation, proportionally greater amounts of persisting poststimulation flexor muscle contraction, as measured by a force displacement transducer, were produced as st...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/h0092460
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to explore the lasting effects of a tactile sensitivity enhancement induced by spike insoles on the control of stance in the elderly. Healthy elderly subjects (n = 19, mean age = 68.8) and young adults (n = 17, mean age = 24.3) were instructed to stand or to walk for 5 minutes with...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0017115
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrolytic microlesions aimed at the dorsomedial portion of the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus were generated, and effects on copulation, 50-kHz vocalizations, scent marking, and sexual motivation were measured. Male rats were tested before and after lesions, after castration, and after testosterone ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.119.5.1227
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00