Abstract:
:Following peripheral nerve injury, moderate daily exercise conducted on a level treadmill results in enhanced axon regeneration and modest improvements in functional recovery. If the exercise is conducted on an upwardly inclined treadmill, even more motor axons regenerate successfully and reinnervate muscle targets. Whether this increased motor axon regeneration also results in greater improvement in functional recovery from sciatic nerve injury was studied. Axon regeneration and muscle reinnervation were studied in Lewis rats over an 11 wk postinjury period using stimulus evoked electromyographic (EMG) responses in the soleus muscle of awake animals. Motor axon regeneration and muscle reinnervation were enhanced in slope-trained rats. Direct muscle (M) responses reappeared faster in slope-trained animals than in other groups and ultimately were larger than untreated animals. The amplitude of monosynaptic H reflexes recorded from slope-trained rats remained significantly smaller than all other groups of animals for the duration of the study. The restoration of the amplitude and pattern of locomotor EMG activity in soleus and tibialis anterior and of hindblimb kinematics was studied during treadmill walking on different slopes. Slope-trained rats did not recover the ability to modulate the intensity of locomotor EMG activity with slope. Patterned EMG activity in flexor and extensor muscles was not noted in slope-trained rats. Neither hindblimb length nor limb orientation during level, upslope, or downslope walking was restored in slope-trained rats. Slope training enhanced motor axon regeneration but did not improve functional recovery following sciatic nerve transection and repair.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Cannoy J,Crowley S,Jarratt A,Werts KL,Osborne K,Park S,English AWdoi
10.1152/jn.00129.2016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-01 00:00:00pages
1408-17issue
3eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
jn.00129.2016journal_volume
116pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The vestibular organs in the base of the skull provide important information about head orientation and motion in space. Previous studies have suggested that both angular velocity information from the semicircular canals and information about head orientation and translation from the otolith organs are centrally proce...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00143.2010
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The dorsal horn (DH) of chickens exhibits a novel pattern of cytoarchitectonic lamination among vertebrates, whereby lamina III lies medial, rather than ventral, to lamina II. Indeed, cutaneous nerves labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) form two separate projections across the mediolateral axis of the superfi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.67.2.241
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ca2+ currents in dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons isolated from the fifth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana were investigated with the whole cell patch-clamp technique. On the basis of kinetic and pharmacological properties, two different Ca2+ currents were separated in these cells: mid/low...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.186
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A question to be addressed in the present study is how different the eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) resting states are across frequency bands in terms of efficiency and centrality of the brain functional network. We investigated both the global and nodal efficiency and betweenness centrality in the EC and EO rest...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00585.2013
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of the 5-HT(1Apl(a)) receptor in Aplysia pleural sensory neurons inhibited 5-HT-mediated translocation of the novel PKC Apl II in sensory neurons and prevented PKC-dependent synaptic facilitation at sensory to motoneuron synapses (Nagakura et al. 2010). We now demonstrate that the ability of inhibitory rece...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00767.2011
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the timing of spontaneous membrane potential fluctuations and action potentials of medial and lateral agranular corticostriatal and striatal neurons with the use of in vivo intracellular recordings in urethan-anesthetized rats. All neurons showed spontaneous subthreshold membrane potential shifts from 7 to...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1697
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The experiments described in this report were designed to determine the contribution of vestibulospinal neurons (VSNs) in Deiters' nucleus and of reticulospinal neurons (RSNs) in the medullary reticular formation to the modifications of the walking pattern that are associated with locomotion on an inclined plane. Neur...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2257
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral denervation has been shown to cause reorganization of the deafferented somatotopic region in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, the basic mechanisms that underlie reorganization are not well understood. In the experiments described in this paper, a novel in vivo/in vitro preparation of adult rat S1...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00994.2001
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have reported that human subjects show varying degrees of ability to use contextual cues to recall the motor skills required to compensate for different dynamic external force fields during arm movements. In particular, the subjects showed little or no ability to use color cues to adjust motor outputs i...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00779.2002
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-four slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) and 26 rapidly adapting (RA) cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents in the rhesus monkey were studied with an array of independently controlled, punctate probes that covered an entire fingerpad. Each afferent had a receptive field (RF) on a single fingerpad and was studied at 73 ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.6.2701
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In this study we have tested the hypothesis that the mechanisms controlling stabilization of the head-neck motor system can vary with both the frequency and spatial orientation of an externally applied perturbation. Angular velocity of the head with respect to the trunk (neck) and myoelectric activity of two neck m...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2302
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The preceding study demonstrated that normal subjects compensate for the additional interaction torques generated when a reaching movement is made during voluntary trunk rotation. The present paper assesses the influence of trunk rotation on finger trajectories and on interjoint coordination and determines whether sim...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00160.2001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a cell-based model of the Limulus lateral eye that computes the eye's input to the brain in response to any specified scene. Based on the results of extensive physiological studies, the model simulates the optical sampling of visual space by the array of retinal receptors (ommatidia), the transduction of li...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.4.1800
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor-unit synchronization, which is a measure of the near simultaneous discharge of action potentials by motor units, has the potential to influence spike-triggered average force and the steadiness of a low-force isometric contraction. The purpose of the study was to estimate the contribution of motor-unit synchroniz...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.1.358
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary motor cortex (MI) commands motor output after kinematics are planned from goals, thought to occur in a larger premotor network. However, there is a growing body of evidence that MI is involved in processes beyond action generation, and neuronal subpopulations may perform computations related to cue-to-acti...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00274.2013
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generalization is a fundamental aspect of behavior, allowing for the transfer of knowledge from one context to another. The details of this transfer are thought to reveal how the brain represents what it learns. Generalization has been a central focus in studies of sensorimotor adaptation, and its pattern has been wel...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00974.2016
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Event-related potentials (ERPs) have provided crucial data concerning the time course of psychological processes, but the neural mechanisms producing ERP components remain poorly understood. This study continues a program of research in which we investigated the neural basis of attention-related ERP components by simu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00549.2012
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The kinetic properties of embryonic Xenopus spinal cord neuron N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated receptors (NMDAR) were examined at the single-channel level. These receptors have a main conductance state of 50 pS and make occasional sojourns to a subconductance level of approximately 40 pS. The open channel lif...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.1.153
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To program a goal-directed response in the presence of acoustic reflections, the audio-motor system should suppress the detection of time-delayed sources. We examined the effects of spatial separation and inter-stimulus delay on the ability of human listeners to localize a pair of broadband sounds in the horizontal pl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00184.2020
更新日期:2020-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::The primate superior colliculus (SC) is causally involved in microsaccade generation. Moreover, visually responsive SC neurons across this structure's topographic map, even at peripheral eccentricities much larger than the tiny microsaccade amplitudes, exhibit significant modulations of evoked response sensitivity whe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00077.2020
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to examine intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex (M1), termed short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). To our knowledge, SICI has only been demonstrated in contralateral motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Ipsilateral MEPs (iMEPs) are assum...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01139.2015
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Long-term depression (LTD) is an activity-dependent reduction in the strength of synaptic transmission that can persist for hours. It is a neural model for processes underlying learning and memory, such as extinction and forgetting. LTD of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in cells of the CA1 region of hip...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.1.219
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary motor cortex has been studied for more than a century, yet a consensus on its functional contribution to movement control is still out of reach. In particular, there remains controversy as to the level of control produced by motor cortex ("low-level" movement dynamics vs. "high-level" movement kinematics) and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00795.2016
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have raised the possibility that different attributes of optic flow stimuli, namely radial direction and the position of the focus of expansion (FOE), are processed within separate cortical areas. In the human brain, visual areas V5/MT+ and V3A have been proposed as in...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00031.2017
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The synthesis of information from different sensory modalities in the superior colliculus is an important precursor of attentive and orientation behavior. 2. This integration of multisensory information is critically dependent on inputs from a small area of association cortex, the anterior ectosylvian sulcus. Remov...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.429
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The properties of parietal neurons were studied in four adult rhesus monkeys during fast arm movements. The animals were trained to perform flexion or extension of the forearm about the elbow in response to specific auditory cues. Single neuron activity was recorded in 272 area 5 neurons, 81 neurons of the somatose...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.2.429
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because the subthalamic nucleus (STN) acts as a driving force of the basal ganglia, it is important to know how the activities of STN neurons are regulated. Previously, we have reported that a subset of STN neurons generates a plateau potential in a voltage-dependent manner. These plateau potentials can be evoked only...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00508.2003
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The influence of viewing distance on disparity selectivity was investigated in area V1 of behaving monkeys. While the animals performed a fixation task, cortical cells were recorded extracellularly in the foveal representation of the visual field. Disparity selectivity was assessed by using static random dot stereo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.2872
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proinflammatory cytokines may sensitize primary sensory neurons and facilitate development of neuropathic pain processes after peripheral nerve injury. The goal of this study was to determine whether responses of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to exogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) are altered in a c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1393
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low-voltage-activated Ca(2+) currents (LVA-I(Ca)) are believed to perform several roles in neurons such as lowering the threshold for action potentials, promoting burst firing and oscillatory behavior, and enhancing synaptic excitation. They also may allow rapid increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. We disc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.746
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00