Abstract:
:1. The influence of viewing distance on disparity selectivity was investigated in area V1 of behaving monkeys. While the animals performed a fixation task, cortical cells were recorded extracellularly in the foveal representation of the visual field. Disparity selectivity was assessed by using static random dot stereograms (RDSs) through red/green filters flashed over the central fixation target. To determine the influence of the viewing distance, a color video monitor was positioned at fixed distances of 20, 40, or 80 cm. The same RDSs with the same angular size of dots were used at the three distances. 2. Disparity sensitivity was tested on 139 cells, of which 78 were analyzed at two or more distances and the rest (61) at a single distance. When disparity selectivity was analyzed at a given distance, about half the cells were found to be selective at 40 or 80 cm, but only a third at 20 cm. Near cells were > or = 1.5 times more common than far cells at all three distances. The latency distribution of the responses of disparity-selective (DS) cells was similar at all three distances, with a mean distribution centered around 60 ms. 3. Changing the viewing distance drastically affected the neural activity of the V1 neurons. The visual responsiveness of 60 of 78 cells (77%) was significantly changed. Disparity selectivity could be present at a given distance and absent at other(s), with often a loss of visual response. This emergence of disparity coding was the strongest effect (28 of 78 or 36%) and occurred more frequently from short to long distances. Among the cells that remained disparity insensitive at all recorded distances (31 of 78 or 40%), about half also showed modulations of the amplitude of the visual response. For cells that remained DS at all recorded distances (13 of 78 or 17%), changing the viewing distance also affected the sharpness (or magnitude) of disparity coding in terms of level of visual responsiveness and those changes were often combined with variations in tuning width. In only two cells did the peak of selectivity type change. Finally, the activity of four DS cells was not affected at all by the viewing distance. 4. Another effect concerned the level of ongoing activity (OA), defined as being the neural activity in darkness preceding the flash of the visual stimulus while the monkey was fixating the small bright target. Changing the viewing distance resulted in significant changes in OA level for more than half of the cells (41 of 78 or 53%). The most common effect was an increase in OA level at the shorter distance. The modulations of both visual responsiveness and OA could occur simultaneously, although they often had opposite signs. Indeed, the two effects were statistically independent of each other, i.e., modulations of visual responses were not related to the level of excitability of the neurons. 5. Control experiments were performed that showed that the effects of changing the viewing distance were not due to the retinal patterns in that the modulations of visual responsiveness were independent of the dot density. Seventeen cells were also tested for a possible effect of vergence by the use of prisms. When there was an effect of distance, it could be closely or partially reproduced by using prisms. These controls, together with the effects observed on OA, strongly suggest that the modulations of neural activity of the V1 neurons by the viewing distance are extraretinal in origin, probably proprioceptive. 6. The modulation of visual responsiveness by the viewing distance in the primary visual cortex indicates that integration of information from both retinal and extraretinal sources can occur early in the visual processing pathway for cortical representation of three-dimensional space. A functional scheme of three-dimensional cortical circuitry is discussed that shows cortical areas where disparity selectivity and modulations of visual activity by the angle of gaze have been described so far.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Trotter Y,Celebrini S,Stricanne B,Thorpe S,Imbert Mdoi
10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.2872subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
2872-85issue
5eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We examined the activation kinetics of the delayed rectifier K+ current of bullfrog sympathetic neurons, primarily using whole cell recording. On depolarization, currents activated with a sigmoid delay but did not show a Cole-Moore shift. The time course of activation differed systematically from an exponential raised...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.5.2345
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrically excitable cells have voltage-dependent ion channels on the plasma membrane that regulate membrane permeability to specific ions. Voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) are especially important as Ca(2+) serves as both a charge carrier and second messenger. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an important model ver...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00625.2010
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanical actions of various ankle muscles were changed by surgically crossing or transferring the tendons in kittens. After the kittens grew to adults, both hindlimbs were implanted with multiple electromyogram (EMG) recording and cutaneous nerve stimulation electrodes to compare the activity of altered and norm...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3392
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inferior temporal cortex (IT) of the monkey, a final stage in the ventral visual pathway, has been known to process information on two-dimensional (2-D) shape, color, and texture. On the other hand, the dorsal visual pathway leading to the posterior parietal cortex has been known to process information on location...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.1.120
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In tasks requiring judgments about visual stimuli, humans exhibit repetition priming, responding with increased speed when a stimulus is repeated. Repetition priming might depend on repetition suppression, a phenomenon first observed in monkey inferotemporal cortex (IT) whereby, when a stimulus is repeated, the streng...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01042.2006
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play crucial roles in glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity and are involved in a variety of brain functions. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding NMDA receptor subunits have been associated with some neuropsychiatric disorders in...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00318.2011
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Several heart interneurons (HN cells) of the leech nerve cord have impulse-initiation sites in every segmental ganglion through which their single axons pass. All these initiation sites are capable of producing rhythmic impulse bursts. However, under normal conditions a dominant primary initiation site in the gangl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1980.44.5.878
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discharge of muscle spindle afferents from monkey spindle afferents from monkey jaw-closing muscles was studied during mastication of natural foods by extracellular recording from the fibers or cell bodies of the tract and mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve. In all, 39 muscle afferents were studied. The spin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.3.560
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-train electrical stimulation of the motor and premotor cortices of nonhuman primates can produce either hand-to-mouth or grasp-to-inspect movements, depending on the precise location of stimulation. Furthermore, single-neuron recording studies identify discrete neuronal populations in the inferior parietal and ve...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00222.2016
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of our study was to examine the associations between the performance of older adults on four tests of mobility and the physical capabilities of the lower leg muscles. The assessments included measures of muscle strength, muscle activation, and perceived fatigability. Muscle activation was quantified as the...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00192.2018
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The turtle posterior crista consists of two hemicristae. Each hemicrista extends from the planum semilunatum to the nonsensory torus and includes a central zone (CZ) surrounded by a peripheral zone (PZ). Type I and type II hair cells are found in the CZ and are innervated by calyx, dimorphic and bouton afferents. Only...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.3.1202
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In human spinal cord injury (SCI), imposed unilateral hip movements trigger multijoint, coordinated reflexes that might incorporate interneuronal circuitry involved in normal motor control, such as neural pathways associated with the reflex control of locomotion. To further investigate the complexity of these hip-trig...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2007
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medullary ventral respiratory column (VRC) of neurons is essential for respiratory motor pattern generation; however, the functional connections among these cells are not well understood. A rostral extension of the VRC, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial region (RTN-pF), contains neurons responsive to...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00262.2010
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The neurophysiological basis for the sensation of prickle evoked by contact of some fabrics with the skin is reported. 2. Single-unit sensory nerve recordings from the rabbit saphenous nerve were used to identify the receptors responsible for fabric-evoked prickle. These recordings showed that all low-threshold mec...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.59.4.1083
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated potential mechanisms by which exercise can promote changes in neuronal plasticity via modulation of neurotrophins. Rodents were exposed to voluntary wheel running for 3 or 7 days, and their lumbar spinal cord and soleus muscle were assessed for changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00152.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in recording and computing hardware have enabled laboratories to record the electrical activity of multiple brain regions simultaneously. Lagging behind these technical advances, however, are the methods needed to rapidly produce microdrives and head-caps that can flexibly accommodate different recordi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00955.2014
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory cortical neurons display substantial receptive field dynamics during and after persistent sensory drive. Because a cell's response properties are determined by the inputs it receives, receptive field dynamics are likely to involve changes in the relative efficacy of different inputs to the cell. To test this h...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01012.2001
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injection of glutamate into the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule can reflexly induce a prolonged increase in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles, however, the characteristics of TMJ afferents activated by glutamate have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2446
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The excitation of lumbar motoneurons by reticulospinal axons traveling in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) was investigated in the newborn rat using intracellular recordings from lumbar motoneurons in an in vitro preparation of the brain stem and spinal cord. The tracer DiI (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetra...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2241
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Second-order vestibular neurons (2 degrees VN) were identified in the isolated frog brain by the presence of monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) after separate electrical stimulation of individual vestibular nerve branches. Combinations of one macular and the three semicircular canal nerve branches...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00370.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in the silkmoth antennal lobe (AL) are well characterized in terms of their morphology and odor-evoked firing activity. However, their intrinsic electrical properties including voltage-gated ionic currents and synaptic connectivity remain unclear. To address this, whole cell current- and voltage-clamp recordin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00050.2015
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basal ganglia circuits are organized as parallel loops that have been proposed to compete in a winner-take-all fashion to determine the appropriate behavioral outcome. However, limited experimental support for strong lateral inhibition mechanisms within striatal regions questions this model. Here, stimulation of the p...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91002.2008
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) have a unique activation mechanism in that a proteolytically exposed N-terminal region acts as a tethered ligand. A potential impact of PAR on sensory processing has not been fully examined yet. Here we report that synthetic peptides with sequences corresponding to PAR ligands enh...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91117.2008
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When sensory feedback is perturbed, accurate movement is restored by a combination of implicit processes and deliberate reaiming to strategically compensate for errors. Here, we directly compare two methods used previously to dissociate implicit from explicit learning on a trial-by-trial basis: 1) asking participants ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00834.2016
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The synthesis of information from different sensory modalities in the superior colliculus is an important precursor of attentive and orientation behavior. 2. This integration of multisensory information is critically dependent on inputs from a small area of association cortex, the anterior ectosylvian sulcus. Remov...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.429
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Evoked potentials restricted to the magnocellular portion of the mediodorsal nucleus (MDmc) of the thalamus were recorded after stimulation of the olfactory bulb (OB) and the posterior orbital cortex of the frontal lobe (OFC). Potentials evoked by stimulation of OB were probably trans-synaptically elicited, while p...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1980.43.1.69
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Neuronal responses to cutaneous and noncutaneous stimulation were examined in the hindlimb representation of the precentral motor cortex (MI) and the first somatosensory cortex (SI) of unanesthetized monkeys. 2. MI can be divided into two distinct parts of the basis of its afferent input. The rostral part receives ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1981.45.3.467
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to odorants results in a rapid (<10 s) reduction in odor-evoked activity in the rat piriform cortex despite relatively maintained afferent input from olfactory bulb mitral cells. To further understand this form of cortical plasticity, a detailed analysis of its odor specificity was performed. Habituation of o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.1.139
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental evidence supports a number of mechanisms for the synaptic change that occurs with long-term potentiation (LTP) including insertion of AMPA receptors, an increase in AMPA receptor single channel conductance, unmasking silent synapses, and increases in vesicle release probability. Here we combine experiment...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00248.2006
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation of fingertip forces to friction at the grasping surface is necessary to prevent use of inadequate or excessive grip forces. In the current study we investigated the effect of blocking tactile information from the fingertips noninvasively on the adaptation and efficiency of grip forces to surface friction du...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00639.2015
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00