Abstract:
:Peripheral denervation has been shown to cause reorganization of the deafferented somatotopic region in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, the basic mechanisms that underlie reorganization are not well understood. In the experiments described in this paper, a novel in vivo/in vitro preparation of adult rat S1 was used to determine changes in local circuit properties associated with the denervation-induced plasticity of the cortical representation in rat S1. In the present studies, deafferentation of rat S1 was induced by cutting the radial and median nerves in the forelimb of adult rats, resulting in a rapid shift of the location of the forepaw/lower jaw border; the amount of the shift increased over the times assayed, through 28 days after denervation. The locations of both borders (i.e., original and reorganized) were marked with vital dyes, and slices from the marked region were used for whole-cell recording. Responses were evoked using electrical stimulation of supragranular S1 and recorded in supragranular neurons close to either the original or reorganized border. For each neuron, postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were evoked by stimulation of fibers that crossed the border site (CB stim) and by equivalent stimulation that did not cross (NCB stim). Monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were also examined after blocking excitatory transmission with 15 microM CNQX plus 100 microM DL-APV. The amplitudes of PSPs and IPSPs were compared between CB and NCB stimulation to quantify effects of the border sites on excitation and inhibition. Previous results using this preparation in the normal (i.e., without induced plasticity) rat S1 demonstrated that at a normal border both PSPs and IPSPs were smaller when evoked with CB stimulation than with NCB stimulation. For most durations of denervation, a similar bias (i.e., smaller responses with CB stimulation) for PSPs and IPSPs was observed at the site of the novel reorganized border, while no such bias was observed at the suppressed original border site. Thus changes in local circuit properties (excitation and inhibition) can reflect larger-scale changes in cortical organization. However, specific dissociations between these local circuit properties and the presence of the novel border at certain durations of denervation were also observed, suggesting that there are several intracortical processes contributing to cortical reorganization over time and that excitation and inhibition may contribute differentially to them.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Hickmott PW,Merzenich MMdoi
10.1152/jn.00994.2001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-01 00:00:00pages
1288-301issue
3eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. K+ conductances were characterized in isolated, identified superior colliculus-projecting (SCP) rat visual cortical neurons. SCP neurons were identified in vitro under epifluorescence illumination after in vivo retrograde labeling with rhodamine-labeled microspheres or "beads." For experiments, SCP neurons were iso...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2163
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The purpose of this study was 1) to characterize the decrease observed in mean firing rates of motor units in the first 8-15 s of isometric constant-force contractions and 2) to investigate possible mechanisms that could account for the ability to maintain force output in the presence of decreasing motor unit firin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1503
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ovulation hormone-producing caudodorsal cells (CDCs) of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis form two clusters of electrotonically coupled cells, each containing a few specialized (ventral) cells that connect the clusters. The hormone is secreted during a pacemaker-driven discharge. The CDCs receive a biphasic choline...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1983.49.6.1392
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Horseradish peroxidase- (HRP) filled microelectrodes have been used to examine the anatomy and physiology of "commissural interneurons," a morphologically defined class of spinal cord interneuron in Xenopus laevis embryos. Commissural interneurons have unipolar cell bodies in the dorsal half of the spinal cord. Their ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.6.1257
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, as well as lesion, drug, and single-cell recording studies in animals, suggest that the striatum plays a key role in associating sensory events with rewarding actions, both by facilitating reward processing and prediction (i.e., reinforcement learning) and by...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00164.2012
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The giant barnacle, Balanus nubilus, has three simple eyes, two lateral and one median. We have studied the convergence of the receptors of these ocelli by recording from the second-order cell (I-cell) and from the receptors' terminals. The I-cell's responses to illumination of the median and lateral eyes are similar ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1986.55.5.882
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the substrates for the large-scale shifts in the cortical representation produced by limb amputation. Subcortical changes likely contribute to the cortical remodeling, yet there is little data regarding the extent and pattern of reorganization in thalamus after such a massive deafferentation. Mor...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.5.3154
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several previous studies have shown the existence of Up and Down states and have linked their magnitude (e.g., depolarization level) to the size of sensory-evoked responses. Here, we studied how the temporal dynamics of such states influence the sensory-evoked response to vibrissa deflection. Under alpha-chloralose an...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01288.2005
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the possible role of the cerebellum in the vestibular-ocular reflex, extracellular responses of cerebellar nuclear neurons were recorded in awake monkeys during natural vestibular stimulation; 115 neurons in the fastigial nucleus responded to horizontal sinusoidal accelerations applied to the head by means of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.3.627
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Effects of substance P (SP) and other tachykinins on membrane currents were investigated using whole cell voltage clamp in cultured sensory neurons isolated from rat dorsal root ganglia. 2. SP (100 nM) evoked an inward current in two-thirds of the cells at negative potentials. In most of the cells that generated th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.736
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used as a measure of neuronal activity, despite an incomplete understanding of the hemodynamic and neural bases for BOLD signals. Recent work by Lee and colleagues investigated whether activating genetically specified neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00535.2010
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Synaptic interactions between identified neurons in the flight system of the locust were investigated by the use of standard intracellular recording and staining techniques. The intent was to determine the distribution and functional significance of delayed excitatory connections, which have been previously describ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.5.1150
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-unit activity of the motor cortex (area 4gamma) was studied in cats performing reaching with the contra- versus ipsilateral forelimb. Reaching was initiated by a tone burst (Go cue), different limbs were used in separate blocks of trials. During reaching performed with the contralateral limb, three types of neu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00720.2003
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) result in distal and long-lasting oscillations, a finding directly challenging the virtual lesion hypothesis. Previous research supporting this finding has primarily come from stimulation of the motor cortex. We have used single-pulse TMS with simultaneous EEG t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00739.2010
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A key element of walking is the coordinated interplay of multiple limbs to achieve a stable locomotor pattern that is adapted to the environment. We investigated intersegmental coordination of walking in the stick insect, Carausius morosus by examining the influence a single stepping leg has on the motoneural activity...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00291.2007
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::People perceive better in cardinal directions compared with oblique ones. This directional effect, called oblique effect, has been documented in perception studies for a long time. However, typical motor studies do not differentiate learning in different directions. In this study we identify a significant directional ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00787.2017
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutamate-receptor-mediated synaptic transmission was studied in morphologically identified hippocampal dentate granule cells (DGCs; n = 31) with the use of whole cell patch-clamp recording and intracellular injection of biocytin or Lucifer yellow in slices prepared from surgically removed medial temporal lobe specime...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3355
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on non-GABAA receptors were investigated with intracellular recordings in CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices in the presence of antagonists of GABAA receptors (50 microM bicuculline and 50 microM picrotoxin), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.69
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single midbrain neurons were examined for effects of ovarian hormone administration on responsiveness to an array of lordosis-controlling types of somatosensory stimuli in anesthetized, ovariectomized Syrian hamsters. Neuronal responses were recorded under four different hormonal treatment conditions: 1) estradiol ben...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.5.1040
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) is thought to control torsional and vertical head posture. Unilateral microstimulation of the INC evokes torsional head rotation to positions that are maintained until stimulation offset. Unilateral INC inactivation evokes head position-holding deficits with the head tilted in t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90363.2008
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that a subset of neurons in the rat anterodorsal thalamus discharge as a function of the animal's head direction (HD) in the horizontal plane, independent of the animal's location and behavior. These cells have consistent firing properties across a wide range of conditions and cell discharg...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00649.2009
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ionic conductances controlled by type A and type B cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors were studied in neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV), using intracellular and whole-cell patch clamp recordings in current or voltage clamp configuration during bath applica...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2584
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural correlates of gap detection in three auditory cortical fields in the cat. Mimimum detectable gaps in noise in humans are independent of the position of the gap, whereas in cat primary auditory cortex (AI) they are position dependent. The position dependence in other cortical areas is not known and may resolve t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2570
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrical synapses play significant roles in neural processing in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. The view of electrical synapses as plain bidirectional intercellular channels represents a partial picture because rectifying electrical synapses expand the complexity in the communication capabilities of ne...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00973.2006
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have reported that the translational vestibuloocular reflex (TVOR) follows a three-dimensional (3D) kinematic behavior that is more similar to visually guided eye movements, like pursuit, rather than the rotational VOR (RVOR). Accordingly, TVOR rotation axes tilted with eye position toward an eye-fixe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01137.2002
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In decerebrate paralyzed cats, we observed the responses of ventral and dorsal medullary inspiratory (I) neurons to two types of vagal afferent input that shorten neural I: lung inflation and vagal electrical stimulation. 2. A study population of 15 I neurons whose firing patterns suggested involvement in the inspi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.5.1784
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spike timing reliability of Aplysia motoneurons stimulated by repeated presentation of periodic or aperiodic input currents is investigated. Two properties of the input are varied, the frequency content and the relative amplitude of the fluctuations to the mean (expressed as the coefficient of variation: CV). It i...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1427
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Areas of cerebellar cortex related to saccadic eye movements were ablated in three Macaca mulatta monkeys trained to fixate visual targets. There followed a postoperative dysmetria of saccadic eye movements which appeared to be the result of an impairment specifically within the saccadic system. 2. Convergent evide...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1976.39.6.1246
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The responses of single neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex of the cat to brief air-pulse stimuli were quantitatively examined. These controlled natural stimuli activated almost exclusively rapidly adapting hair units which, on systematic movement of the stimulus through the receptive field, gave unit-respo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1979.42.4.1061
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The function of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL), a secondary processing site within the auditory brain stem, is unclear. It is known to be a major source of inhibition to the inferior colliculus (IC). It is also thought to play a role in coding the temporal aspects of sound, such as onsets and the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00167.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00