Abstract:
:People perceive better in cardinal directions compared with oblique ones. This directional effect, called oblique effect, has been documented in perception studies for a long time. However, typical motor studies do not differentiate learning in different directions. In this study we identify a significant directional effect in motor learning using visuomotor rotation paradigms. We find that adaptation to visual perturbations yields more savings when both initial learning and relearning are performed in cardinal directions than in oblique directions. We hypothesize that this directional effect arises from relatively higher error saliency in cardinal directions. Consistent with this hypothesis, we successfully increased savings in the oblique directions, which showed no saving effect before, by enhancing the error saliency with augmented visual feedback during learning. Our findings suggest that movement direction plays an important role in motor learning, especially when learning signals are direction specific. Our results also provide new insights about the role of motor errors in the formation and retrieval of motor memory and practical implications for promoting learning in motor rehabilitation and athletic training. NEW & NOTEWORTHY People perceive better when the stimulus is in cardinal directions than in oblique directions. Whether a similar directional effect exists in motor learning is unknown. Using a motor learning paradigm, we show that people relearn to compensate for a previously encountered perturbation faster when they move in cardinal directions than when they move in oblique directions. Further experimentation supports that this motor directional effect likely results from better sensory saliency of motor errors in cardinal directions.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Jiang W,Yuan X,Yin C,Wei Kdoi
10.1152/jn.00787.2017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
162-170issue
1eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Fast-spiking (FS) interneurons provide the main route of feedforward inhibition from cortex to spiny projection neurons in the striatum. A steep current-firing frequency curve and a dense local axonal arbor suggest that even small excitatory inputs could translate into powerful feedforward inhibition, although such an...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00063.2005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to a primary somatosensory cortex (SI), the cerebral cortex of all mammals contains a second somatosensory area (SII); however, the functions of SII are largely unknown. Our aim was to explore the functions of SII by comparing response properties of whisker-related neurons in this area with their counterpa...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00262.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single bout of aerobic exercise improves executive function; however, the mechanism for the improvement remains unclear. One proposal asserts that an exercise-mediated increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) enhances the efficiency of executive-related cortical structures. To examine this, participants completed separ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00240.2020
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The deep dorsal horn represents a major site for the integration of spinal sensory information. The bulbospinal monoamine transmitters, released from serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems, exert modulatory control over spinal sensory systems as does acetylcholine, an intrinsic spinal cord biogenic amin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2183
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Top-down selective attention to the affective properties of taste stimuli increases activation to the taste stimuli in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and pregenual cingulate cortex (PGC), and selective attention to the intensity of the stimuli increases the activation in the insular taste cortex, but the origin of the...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1152/jn.00352.2010
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats typically employ 4- to 12-Hz "whisking" movements of their vibrissae during tactile exploration. The intentional sampling of signals in this frequency range suggests that neural processing of tactile information may be differentially engaged in this bandwidth. We examined action potential responses in rat primary...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01158.2002
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp recordings were made from slices of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of adult rats to characterize the role of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in the circadian timing system. During the day, activation of GABA(A) receptors hyperpolarized the membrane of SCN neurons. During the night,...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00241.2001
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrically excitable cells have voltage-dependent ion channels on the plasma membrane that regulate membrane permeability to specific ions. Voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) are especially important as Ca(2+) serves as both a charge carrier and second messenger. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an important model ver...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00625.2010
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can produce a lasting polarity-specific modulation of cortical excitability in the brain, and it is increasingly used in experimental and clinical settings. Recent studies suggest that the after-effects of tDCS are related to molecular mechanisms of activity-dependent syn...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00319.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the first visual synapse of the insect compound eye, both the presynaptic and postsynaptic signals are graded, nonspiking changes in membrane voltage. The synapse exhibits tonic transmitter release (even in dark) and strong adaptation to long-lasting light backgrounds, leading to changes also in the dynamics of sig...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.2103
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Every time we blink our eyes, the image on the retina goes almost completely dark. And yet we hardly notice these interruptions, even though an external darkening is startling. Intuitively it would seem that if our perception is continuous, then the neuronal activity on which our perceptions are based should also be c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2691
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We studied the frequency responses of neurons in the nucleus ovoidalis (OV), the principal thalamic auditory relay nucleus of the chicken, in the subthreshold range of membrane potentials. The frequency response is the impedance amplitude profile evident in the voltage response to a broadband stimulus. The stimulus...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.4.1361
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Responses of complex cells in cat striate cortex were studied with flashed light slit stimuli. The responses to slits flashed in different positions in the receptive field were assessed quantitatively before and after periods of prolonged stimulation of one small region of the receptive field. This type of prolonge...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.2209
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental question in systems biology addresses the issue of how flexibility is built into modulatory networks such that they can produce context-dependent responses. Here we examine flexibility in the serotonin (5-HT) response system that modulates the cycle frequency (cf) of a rhythmic motor output. We found tha...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00986.2007
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The aim of this study was to examine the nature of motoneuron firing-rate modulation in type-identified motor units during smoothly graded contractions of the cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle evoked by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). Motoneuron discharge patterns, firing rates, and the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.1.38
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are appealing tools to probe large neural ensembles and build neural prostheses. Microelectronics microfabrication technologies now allow building high-density MEAs containing several hundreds of microelectrodes. However, several major problems become limiting factors when the size of the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00711.2011
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three nonspiking interneurons are described in this paper that influence the activity of the motor neurons of three muscles of the proximal leg joints of the stick insect. Interneurons were recorded and stained intracellularly by glass microelectrodes; motor neurons were recorded extracellularly with oil-hook electrod...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.2964
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) undergoes long-term adaptive changes in the presence of persistent retinal image motion during head turns. Previous experiments using natural stimuli have provided evidence that the VOR is subserved by parallel pathways, including some that are modified during learning and some that...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.67.6.1493
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of the thumb to hand function, little is known about the origins of thumb impairment poststroke. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study was to assess whether thumb flexors have heightened stretch reflexes (SRs) following stroke-induced hand impairment. The secondary purpose was to compar...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00423.2009
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor cortex plays a substantial role in driving movement, yet the details underlying this control remain unresolved. We analyzed the extent to which movement-related information could be extracted from single-trial motor cortical activity recorded while monkeys performed center-out reaching. Using information theoret...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00391.2013
更新日期:2014-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic plasticity can last from a fraction of a second to weeks depending on how it was induced. The mechanisms that underlie short-, intermediate-, and long-term plasticity have been intensively studied at central synapses of both vertebrates and invertebrates; however, peripheral plasticity has not received as muc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00142.2001
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ionic mechanisms underlying the termination of action-potential (AP) bursts and postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in intrinsically bursting (IB) neocortical neurons were investigated by performing intracellular recordings in thin slices of rat sensorimotor cortex. The blockade of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00695.2002
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in monkey orbitofrontal cortex (OF) are known to respond to reward-predicting cues with a strength that depends on the value of the predicted reward as determined 1) by intrinsic attributes including size and quality and 2) by extrinsic factors including the monkey's state of satiation and awareness of what ot...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00373.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of feedback from large-diameter sensory fibers to the adaptation of soleus muscle activity after small ankle trajectory modifications during human walking. Small-amplitude and slow-velocity ankle dorsiflexion enhancements and reductions were applied during the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01071.2004
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonergic fibers broadly innervate the thalamus and may influence the sleep wake cycle, attention, and other processes through modulation of neurons in this structure. However, the actions of serotonin in the dorsal thalamus have been investigated in detail only in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. In the pres...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00650.2001
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thalamic relay neurons express high levels of T-type Ca(2+) channels, which support the generation of robust burst discharges. This intrinsically mediated form of phasic spike firing is thought to be critical in the generation of slow (3-4 Hz) synchronous oscillatory activity of absence epilepsy. Recordings made from ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00667.2002
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhythm generation by the pyloric motor network in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the spiny lobster requires permissive neuromodulatory inputs from other central ganglia. When these inputs to the STG are suppressed by cutting the single, mainly afferent stomatogastric nerve (stn), pyloric neurons cease to burst a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00482.2001
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Extracellular bath application of the selective Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-62 to hippocampal slices in vitro blocked the induction of long-term depression (LTD) by low-frequency Schaffer collateral stimulation (1 Hz/15 min) of the same concentration as has been shown previously to pre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.2097
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The superior colliculus (SC) provides signals for the generation of saccades via a direct pathway to the brain stem burst generator (BG). In addition, it sends saccade-related activity to the BG indirectly through the cerebellum via a relay in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP). Lesions of the oculomotor v...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01292.2005
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation of fingertip forces to friction at the grasping surface is necessary to prevent use of inadequate or excessive grip forces. In the current study we investigated the effect of blocking tactile information from the fingertips noninvasively on the adaptation and efficiency of grip forces to surface friction du...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00639.2015
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00