Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Movies and television (TV) programs are an important source of public information about ECT. OBJECTIVE:To narratively review the portrayal of ECT in international movies and TV programs from 1948 until present. METHODS:Several Internet movie databases and a database of phrases appearing in movies and TV programs were searched, supplemented with a Medline-search. No language restrictions were applied. RESULTS:ECT was portrayed in 52 movies (57 scenes), 21 TV programs (23 scenes), and 2 animated sitcoms (2 scenes). In movies, the main indication for ECT is behavioral control or torture (17/57, 29.8%), whereas in TV programs, the most frequent indication is erasing memories (7/25, 28%). In most scenes (47/82; 57.3%) ECT is given without consent, and without anesthesia (59/82; 72%). Unmodified ECT is depicted more frequently in American scenes (48/64, 75%), as opposed to scenes from other countries (11/18; 64.7%). Bilateral electrode placement is used in almost all (89%, 73/82) scenes. The vast majority of movies (46/57, 80.7%) and TV programs (18/25, 72%) show a negative and inaccurate image of the treatment. CONCLUSION(S):In the majority of scenes, ECT is used as a metaphor for repression, mind and behavior control, and is shown as a memory-erasing, painful and damaging treatment, adding to the stigma already associated with ECT. Only a few exceptions paint a truthful picture of this indispensable treatment in modern psychiatry.
journal_name
Brain Stimuljournal_title
Brain stimulationauthors
Sienaert Pdoi
10.1016/j.brs.2016.07.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
882-891issue
6eissn
1935-861Xissn
1876-4754pii
S1935-861X(16)30197-8journal_volume
9pub_type
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更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
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