Abstract：
:The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a global health treaty ratified by over 175 countries, calls on countries to ensure that tobacco packages carry health warning labels (HWLs) describing the harmful effects of tobacco use. We assessed the extent of compliance with 14 countries' HWL requirements. Unique cigarette packs were purchased in 2013 using a systematic protocol in 12 distinct neighborhoods within three of the ten most populous cities in the 14 low- and middle-income countries with the greatest number (count) of smokers. HWL compliance codebooks were developed for each country based on the details of country-specific HWL requirements, with up to four common compliance indicators assessed for each country (location, size, label elements, text size). Packs (n=1859) were double coded for compliance. Compliance was examined by country and pack characteristics, including parent company and brand family. Overall, 72% of coded cigarette packs were compliant with all relevant compliance indicators, ranging from 17% in the Philippines to 94% in Mexico. Compliance was highest for location of the warning (ranging from 75%-100%) and lowest for warning size (ranging from 46%-99%). Compliance was higher for packs bought in high SES neighborhoods, and varied by parent company and brand family. This multi-country study found at least one pack in every country - and many packs in some countries - that were not compliant with key requirements for health warning labels in the country of purchase. Non-compliance may be exacerbating health disparities. Tobacco companies should be held accountable for complying with country HWL requirements.
journal_name
Prev Medjournal_title
Preventive medicineauthors
Cohen JE,Brown J,Washington C,Welding K,Ferguson J,Smith KCdoi
10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.10.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-01 00:00:00pages
128-134eissn
0091-7435issn
1096-0260pii
S0091-7435(16)30308-5journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Considerable research has established that self-efficacy is a consistent correlate of physical activity. Additional factors, such as exercise-induced affect, social support, and value judgments, have also been identified as having the potential to influence adherence to activity. This study examined the util...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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