Abstract：
:Cataracts develop in the lens of the eye which is responsible for focusing incoming light onto the retina. Early in life the lens is transparent, and incoming light encounters no difficulty in its passage through the eye. With aging, the lens becomes less clear, incoming light is scattered to an increasing degree, and if loss of lens clarity is severe enough, vision is affected. When clouding of the lens impairs vision, a clinically significant cataract is present. Currently there is no medical treatment for age-related cataract. The only treatment is surgical removal of the affected lens when vision is sufficiently impaired. A major goal of past and on-going epidemiologic studies is the identification of risk factors for cataract, so that strategies for the prevention of cataract can be developed.
journal_name
Prev Medjournal_title
Preventive medicineauthors
Sperduto RDdoi
10.1006/pmed.1994.1126subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-09-01 00:00:00pages
735-9issue
5eissn
0091-7435issn
1096-0260pii
S0091-7435(84)71126-1journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite the importance of breast cancer screening to reduce morbidity and mortality, limited information is available on screening practices among African American women with a family history that is suggestive of hereditary breast cancer. OBJECTIVES:To describe adherence to breast cancer screening recommen...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.06.003
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Extensive research has been carried out to quantify the efficacy and immunologic responses to influenza immunization, however, only little was reported on whether the timing of vaccine administration affects its effectiveness. The study aims were to compare post-immunization hospitalization and mortality rat...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.02.009
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol consumption as a potential risk factor for breast cancer was examined in a case-control study of 1,467 female breast cancer patients and 10,178 hospital controls. Lean females (Quetelet index less than 22) had elevated unadjusted odds ratios for breast cancer of 2.1, 1.7, and 1.4, associated with consuming les...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(88)90084-9
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between TV/video viewing, as a measure of sedentary behavior, and risk of incident stroke in a large prospective cohort of men and women. METHODS:This analysis involved 22,257 participants from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Str...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.013
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This paper identifies factors that predict achievement of a low-fat diet among 242 California adults with low literacy skills, following their participation in the Stanford Nutrition Action Program (SNAP), a randomized classroom-based nutrition intervention trial (1993-1994). METHODS:The intervention classe...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1006/pmed.1997.0231
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We sought to assess the interaction of smoking and body mass index (BMI) on diabetes risk. METHODS:We analyzed data from a community-based prospective cohort of 41,836 women from Iowa who completed a baseline survey in 1986 and five subsequent surveys through 2004. The final analysis included 36,839 particip...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.10.008
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study assesses the relative validity of a diet history interview in 56 free-living individuals with Type II diabetes mellitus. METHODS:The diet history interview was compared to a 3-day food record in a 1-year dietary intervention trial. The plausibility of energy intake data was examined throughout th...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0091-7435(02)00054-3
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A considerable proportion of European adults report little or no interest in physical activity. Identifying individual-level and environmental-level characteristics of these individuals can help designing effective interventions and policies to promote physical activity. This cross-sectional study additionally explore...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.021
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing regular physical activity in adults at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease is an important target for preventive medicine. This study evaluated demographic, social and cognitive predictors of self-reported changes in physical activity after 4 and 12 months in a randomized trial of behavioral c...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1006/pmed.2000.0688
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma is a serious, chronic illness among U.S. children. Approximately 6% of all children under 18 years of age in the United States suffer from asthma--prevalence rates in our inner cities are even higher. The impact this disease has on children, their families, and society is profound and easily translatable into l...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1993.1051
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Black and Hispanic communities in the U.S. have endured a disproportionate burden of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Racial and ethnic health disparities such as these are frequently aggravated by inequitable access to healthcare resources in disadvantaged communities. Yet, no known studies have investigated...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106282
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Given evidence of weekday-weekend variability in children's sleep and associations with obesity there is rationale for exploring sleep in relation to weekday and weekend physical activity (PA) and examining whether weekday-weekend variations in sleep impact physical activity. METHODS:Children's (n=856) physi...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.11.015
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study evaluated the effects of a school-based dietary intervention program to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among fourth-graders. METHODS:Twenty-eight elementary schools were randomized to an immediate intervention condition or to a delayed intervention control condition. Measures of diet an...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1999.0630
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the viability of monetary incentives to increase fitness-center use and maintain/improve the Body Mass Indexes (BMIs) of first-year students over the fall semester. METHOD:Randomized-controlled trial with no-treatment and incentive conditions involving 117 first-year students. For 12 weeks, studen...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.020
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To guide the development of an AIDS prevention program for urban minority high school students, the authors investigated the prevalence of AIDS-risk behaviors, and the relative explanatory power of demographic, contextual, and cognitive correlates of these behaviors, among black and Hispanic students in thre...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1993.1074
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The sodium intake of participants of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study who were in three of the special population groups identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (those with hypertension, African Americans, and those ≥51years) was analyzed to determine...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.06.006
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research has identified physical activity and sedentary behaviours as independent predictors of successful aging; however, few studies have explored interactions between these constructs in relation to older adult health. The present study utilized data from the General Social Survey (Cycle 24) to calculate proportion...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.05.020
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some questions about adolescent smoking levels as reported in national surveys were recently raised by M. B. Mittelmark, D. M. Murray, R. N. Luepker, and T. F. Pechacek, [Prev. Med. 11, 708-712 (1982)]: such levels may be underreported, calling into question the decline in adolescent smoking. The present article sugge...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(84)90033-1
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:For many common diseases, having a family history is the strongest predictor of lifetime risk. Perceptions of personal risk, important for appropriate prevention efforts, have been found to be exaggerated in healthy individuals with family histories. These findings highlight the contribution of objective and...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00120-8
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Overall incidence of breast cancer is slightly lower, but mortality rates are higher, for Black women compared to White women. Higher body mass index (BMI), sedentary lifestyles, and lower compliance with recommended breast health behaviors may contribute to higher risk and mortality. METHODS:A randomized p...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.06.018
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human papillomavirus (HPV) is highly prevalent in men and there is an interest in further understanding the relationship between HPV infection and disease in men, including the development of genital warts, penile intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive penile carcinomas. Genital warts are caused by HPV 6/11 and are th...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.08.002
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Israel, the prevention and care of asbestos-associated diseases with latency periods of one to four decades (asbestosis, mesothelioma, increased frequency of cancer of the lung and other sites) are not satisfactory, and new national policies are required. Such policies have three major goals: (a) elimination or red...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(84)90085-9
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend annual influenza vaccination of persons ≥6 months old. However, in 2016-17, only 43.3% of U.S. adults reported receiving an influenza vaccination. Limited awareness about the cost-effectiveness (CE) or the economic value of influenza vaccination may contribute t...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.05.022
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To address the question of whether serum cotinine is a better measure of cigarette smoking than self-reported behavior by examining the relation of biochemical, physical examination, and depression assessments to self-reported cigarette consumption and serum cotinine in a population-based sample. METHODS:Se...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1995.1031
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Data on smoking cessation and relapse for 6 yers of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the relationship between variables measured at the beginning of the trial and smoking cessation and relapse for special intervention and usual ca...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(91)90057-b
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Central obesity is an independent risk factor of mortality. Change in waist circumference after smoking cessation has not been previously reported in a population-based prospective study of both sexes. METHODS:Population-based study, Inter99, 1999-2001 in Copenhagen, Denmark. 2408 daily smokers completed que...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.11.015
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Based on previous studies on the blocking effect of Chinese tea in the formation of N-nitroso compounds in rats and humans, experiments were carried out to study the effects of Chinese tea on the occurrence of esophageal tumors induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA) in rats. METHODS:In the first expe...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(92)90046-k
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucocorticoid-induced bone loss is dose- and duration-related, develops rapidly (within months of therapy), and leads to an increased risk of fractures. Moreover, less than one in four patients prescribed oral glucocorticoids receive any treatment to prevent or treat osteoporosis. The American College of Rheumatology...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0091-7435(02)00019-1
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Interventions targeting children's dietary behavior often include strategies that target parents as implementation agents of change, though parent involvement on intervention effectiveness is unclear. The present study systematically assessed (1) reporting of reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.030
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few studies from the United Kingdom have fully investigated inequalities between members of different sexual minority groups and heterosexuals over range of health outcomes. Using data from over 40,000 individuals, this study explores the health inequalities of sexual minority UK adults. We include respondents who ide...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.06.010
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
