Abstract：
:Communication in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs through initiation and propagation of action potentials at excitable domains along axons. Action potentials generated at the axon initial segment (AIS) are regenerated at nodes of Ranvier through the process of saltatory conduction. Proper formation and maintenance of the molecular structure at the AIS and nodes are required for sustaining conduction fidelity. In myelinated CNS axons, paranodal junctions between the axolemma and myelinating oligodendrocytes delineate nodes of Ranvier and regulate the distribution and localization of specialized functional elements, such as voltage-gated sodium channels and mitochondria. Disruption of excitable domains and altered distribution of functional elements in CNS axons is associated with demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, and is likely a mechanism common to other neurological disorders. This review will provide a brief overview of the molecular structure of the AIS and nodes of Ranvier, as well as the distribution of mitochondria in myelinated axons. In addition, this review highlights important structural and functional changes within myelinated CNS axons that are associated with neurological dysfunction.
journal_name
Neurosci Resjournal_title
Neuroscience researchauthors
Griggs RB,Yermakov LM,Susuki Kdoi
10.1016/j.neures.2016.09.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-03-01 00:00:00pages
77-87eissn
0168-0102issn
1872-8111pii
S0168-0102(16)30172-9journal_volume
116pub_type
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