Abstract:
:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers coordinated innate and adaptive response in host cell. HCV genome and proteins of the replicating virus are recognized as non-self-antigens by host cell to activate Toll Like Receptors (TLRs). Activated TLRs ultimately express cytokines, which can clear virus either by activating interferon (IFN), protein kinase C (PKC) and RNA Lase system or through activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent antiviral cytokine, capable of clearing HCV by bridging both innate and adaptive antiviral immune response. Activation of TLR-4 on macrophages surface induces expression of IL-12 via NF-κB and AP-1 transcriptional pathway. After expression, IL- 12 releases IFN-γ, which activates anti-HCV cytotoxic lymphocytes. Conversely, in chronic HCV infection downregulation of IL-12 has been reported instead of by number of studies. Keeping in view of the above mentioned facts, this study was designed to evaluate HCV-core mediated down-regulation of IL-12 transcriptional pathway by employing a logical modeling approach based on the Ren´e Thomas formalism. The logical parameters of entities were estimated by using SMBioNet. The Logical model represents all possible dynamics of protein expression involved during course of HCV pathology. Results demonstrated that at chronic stage of infection, though TLR-4 was constantly active but yet it failed to express the NF-κB, AP-1, IL-12 and IFN-γ. This mechanism was indicative of incorporation of core mediated changes in IL-12 regulatory pathway. Moreover, results also indicate that HCV adopts different trajectories to accomplish the persistence of chronic phase of infection. It also implicated that human immune system tries to clear HCV but core is capable of inducing system oscillations to evade the immunity.
journal_name
Protein Pept Lettjournal_title
Protein and peptide lettersauthors
Farooqi ZU,Tareen SH,Ahmed J,Zaidi NUdoi
10.2174/0929866523666160419150136subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
581-9issue
6eissn
0929-8665issn
1875-5305pii
PPL-EPUB-75093journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Bz(NO(2))-Orn(Boc)-OCH(2)CN was synthesized as an amino acid component with effective and successful orthogonal protection for amino acylation of 5'-O-Pivaloyl nucleosides and preparation of substrates for model ribosome reactions. The synthesis was carried out using suitable combinations of the methods of peptide syn...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/092986610791306625
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abstract::The superoxide anion radical is a highly reactive toxic species produced during the metabolic processes. A number of copper (II) complexes with amino acids and peptides are known to show superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity. The design and application of synthetic low molecular weight metal complexes as SOD mimics...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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abstract::Here, we show for the first time that non-fibrillar and spherical aggregates produced from PrP-(23-98) in the presence of NADPH plus copper ions are toxic to cultured cells and induce apoptotic signals. It is also confirmed that endogenous cellular PrP isoform is not required for toxicity to occur. ...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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abstract::The high technical standard of current peptide chemistry, which has evolved over the past three decades, has profoundly facilitated the investigation of proteins and their interactions with other molecules at the level of individual amino acids. Using currently available peptide synthesis methods, sequentially continu...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929866043406931
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 5S subunit of transcarboxylase was expressed and purified. Recent methods of NMR spectroscopy as transferred NOESY, INPHARMA and Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR were used to investigate ligand binding of free biotin to the 5S protein. The binding epitope for biotin is very similar to that obtained at the ...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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abstract:BACKGROUND:OPT3s are involved in the transport of Fe from xylem to phloem, in loading Fe into phloem, and in the transmission of shoot-to-root iron signaling. Yet, apart from Arabidopsis, little is known about these transporters'functions in other plant species. OBJECTIVE:OPT3 proteins of several plant species were ch...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2020-06-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bursa of Fabricius plays the vital functions on B cell development and antibody production in poultry. The bursal-derived peptide plays the essential roles on avian immature B cell development. OBJECTIVES:Here we explored the functions of the recently reported bursal nonapeptide (BP9) on the antibody produc...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In general, halophilic proteins are stable only in the presence of salts at high concentrations. Not only is high salt concentration important for structural stability of halophilic proteins, but also refolding of a denatured halophilic protein requires high salt concentration. This review summarizes the importance of...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper(1) we present a novel framework for protein secondary structure prediction. In this prediction framework, firstly we propose a novel parameterized semi-probability profile, which combines single sequence with evolutionary information effectively. Secondly, different semi-probability profiles are respecti...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/092986606778777551
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of nickel tetra sulfunated phthalocyanine( NiTSPc) with human serum albumin (HSA), in 20 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4 was investigated using advanced techniques including fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular docking...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866523666160719101707
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has developed into one of the most informative and direct experimental approaches to the characterization of the molecular structures of amyloid fibrils, including those associated with Alzheimer's disease. In this article, essential aspects of solid state NMR methods are d...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986606775338470
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DrTI was effective against trypsin-like enzymes from A. kuehniella and C. cephalonica, however an artificial diet was insufficient to affect the survival and body weight of either insect. The inhibitor stimulated chymotrypsin-like enzymes and probably induced the synthesis of enzymes insensitive to TLCK in neonate lar...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/092986609789839395
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Radical Probe Mass Spectrometry (RP-MS) describes a pioneering methodology in structural biology that enables the study of protein structures, their interactions, and dynamics on fast timescales (down to sub-milliseconds). Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated directly from water within aqueous solutions induce ...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929866526666181128124241
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The outcome of protein crystallization attempts is often uncertain due to inherent features of the protein or to the crystallization process that are not fully under control of the experimentalist. The aim of this contribution is to propose user-friendly tools that can increase the success rate of a protein crytalliza...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986612800793127
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the results of a study on the influence of albumin and prolactin concentrations and intravascular fluid pH on vein permeability for albumin. Permeability conditions were simulated depending on albumin concentration, pH value and prolactin concentration. In research model an in vitro method was applied using...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/09298665113209990082
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a cytosolic receptor of immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) which possesses peptidyl-prodyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. The recombinant human CyPA (rhCyPA) gene has been expressed in E. coli M15. Purification was performed using salting-out, as well as Sephacryl S-100 and DEAE...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/092986611797642670
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::E. coli small heat shock proteins IbpA and IbpB (inclusion body binding proteins A and B) are known to act as holding chaperones on denaturing, aggregate-prone proteins. But, there is no clear understanding about which of the IbpA and IbpB has more holdase activity and how the holdase activity of one was influenced by...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/0929866521666131224094408
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coordination of cell growth and cell division is very important for living organisms in order for these to develop harmonically. The present research is concerned with the purification and characterization of a new peptide hormone, namely ZmIGF (Zea mays insulin-like growth factor), which regulates growth and cell div...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/092986611794328636
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cyclotides are a large family of plant proteins that have a cyclic backbone and a knotted arrangement of three conserved disulfide bonds. Despite the apparent complexity of their cystine knot motif it is possible to efficiently fold these proteins, as exemplified by oxidative folding studies on the prototypic cycl...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Globulins are a major class of seed storage proteins which were thought to be enzymatically inactive. These proteins belong to the most ancient cupin superfamily. They can be graded into 11S legumin type and 7S vicilin type based on their sedimentation coefficients. Members from both classes share structural homology ...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STD NMR) is used for the detection of the binding constant of the decapeptide RRRDDDSDDD with CK2α, the catalytic subunit of the proteinkinase CK2. For this work a valid irradiation frequency of the CK2α had to be found ensuring that no peptide resonance is affected by the irradiati...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibody (mAb) MN423 recognizes Alzheimer's disease specific conformation of tau protein assembled into paired helical filaments (PHF). Since the three-dimensional structure of PHF is currently unavailable, the structure of MN423 binding site could provide important information about PHF conformation with t...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most proteinaceous pores are characterized as ionic channels. However, some are also involved in protein translocation through phospholipidic membranes. This concept has evolved slowly in cell biology and in biophysics, requiring the development of adapted electrical and biochemical methods. Protein translocation in m...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/09298665113209990076
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study revealed that the content of protein S29 in ribosomes of cancer cell line A549 was distinctly low (equivalent to about 30% of that of 2BS). The conclusion was acquired based on the ratios of spot volume of ribosomal protein S29 to that of several other ribosomal proteins (S29/L37a, S29/L38, S29/S27 and S29/...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) have significantly advanced since the first successful In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). However, most in vitro-produced embryos fail to implant. Key steps in ART are the correct infertility diagnosis, in order to manage the individualised treatments, and the assessment of ...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical probing of histidine residues using specific modifiers, iodoacetic acid (IAA) and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) resulted in the inactivation of phytase (phy A). The kinetic theory of the substrate reaction during the modification of enzyme activity was applied to a study of the kinetics of the course of inactiva...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of 30 tripeptides were synthesized and tested as novel 5-HT4 receptor ligands. Receptor binding assays showed that a subset of compounds had reasonable potency relative to the agonists serotonin and 5-methoxytryptamine. Structure-activity analyses and molecular docking have highlighted avenues for further syn...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00