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MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Flushing: current concepts.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:Flushing can be defined as a sensation of warmth accompanied by erythema that most commonly is seen on the face and which occurs in episodic attacks. Such a problem can be clinically problematic, since many conditions and drugs can be related to flushing, and while often there appears to be no underlying organic disease, it is important to exclude disorders since they may be life-threatening conditions. DESIGN AND METHODS:We performed a search in MEDLINE using the terms 'flushing' in combination with 'carcinoid syndrome', 'pheochromocytoma', 'mastocytosis', 'menopausal hot flush' and 'treatment'. European and American guidelines relating to neuroendocrine tumours, mastocytosis and menopause were reviewed. RESULTS:In this review, we discuss the main causes of flushing and propose an algorithm based on pathogenesis, which can be used to guide the clinical evaluation process. We also review recent significant developments in the assessment and treatment of the carcinoid syndrome and menopausal hot flushes, which should guide the clinical practice regarding this common but sometimes confusing condition. CONCLUSIONS:When evaluating flushing, a precise systematic approach is needed to exclude potentially serious underlying causes, although despite this, the cause of the disorder is not always found. If symptoms are not progressive, the patient should be advised about its apparently benign nature in order to avoid unnecessary studies or initiating treatments of minimal benefit.

journal_name

Eur J Endocrinol

journal_title

European journal of endocrinology

authors

Huguet I,Grossman A

doi

10.1530/EJE-17-0295

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-11-01 00:00:00

pages

R219-R229

issue

5

eissn

0804-4643

issn

1479-683X

pii

EJE-17-0295

journal_volume

177

pub_type

杂志文章,评审

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