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Retrograde optogenetic characterization of the pontospinal module of the locus coeruleus with a canine adenoviral vector.

Abstract：

:Noradrenergic neurons of the brainstem extend projections throughout the neuraxis to modulate a wide range of processes including attention, arousal, autonomic control and sensory processing. A spinal projection from the locus coeruleus (LC) is thought to regulate nociceptive processing. To characterize and selectively manipulate the pontospinal noradrenergic neurons in rats, we implemented a retrograde targeting strategy using a canine adenoviral vector to express channelrhodopsin2 (CAV2-PRS-ChR2-mCherry). LC microinjection of CAV2-PRS-ChR2-mCherry produced selective, stable, transduction of noradrenergic neurons allowing reliable opto-activation in vitro. The ChR2-transduced LC neurons were opto-identifiable in vivo and functional control was demonstrated for >6 months by evoked sleep-wake transitions. Spinal injection of CAV2-PRS-ChR2-mCherry retrogradely transduced pontine noradrenergic neurons, predominantly in the LC but also in A5 and A7. A pontospinal LC (ps:LC) module was identifiable, with somata located more ventrally within the nucleus and with a discrete subset of projection targets. These ps:LC neurons had distinct electrophysiological properties with shorter action potentials and smaller afterhyperpolarizations compared to neurons located in the core of the LC. In vivo recordings of ps:LC neurons showed a lower spontaneous firing frequency than those in the core and they were all excited by noxious stimuli. Using this CAV2-based approach we have demonstrated the ability to retrogradely target, characterise and optogenetically manipulate a central noradrenergic circuit and show that the ps:LC module forms a discrete unit. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Noradrenergic System.

journal_name

Brain Res

journal_title

Brain research

authors

Li Y,Hickey L,Perrins R,Werlen E,Patel AA,Hirschberg S,Jones MW,Salinas S,Kremer EJ,Pickering AE

doi

10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.023

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-06-15 00:00:00

pages

274-90

issue

Pt B

eissn

0006-8993

issn

1872-6240

pii

S0006-8993(16)30082-8

journal_volume

1641

pub_type

杂志文章

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Retrograde optogenetic characterization of the pontospinal module of the locus coeruleus with a canine adenoviral vector.