Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:Infant formulas provide more protein than breast milk. High protein intakes may place infants at risk of later obesity. The present study tested whether a formula with protein content below the regulatory level supports normal growth from age 3 months. METHODS:Randomized double-blind trial enrolled healthy infants less than age 3 months. At 3 months, formula-fed infants were assigned to experimental (EXPL, 1.61 g protein/100 kcal; modified bovine whey proteins with caseinoglycomacropeptide removed) or control (CTRL 2.15 g protein/100 kcal; unmodified bovine milk protein with a whey/casein ratio of 60/40) formula; breast-fed (BF) infants were enrolled in a reference group. Complementary foods were allowed in small amounts from 4 to 6 months and unrestricted after 6 months. RESULTS:Weight gain (g/day) from 3 to 6 months was similar in the EXPL and CTRL groups (EXPL-CTRL -0.84 g/day; 95% confidence interval -2.25 to 0.57) and faster in the EXPL and CTRL groups than in the BF group. Weight analyzed longitudinally from 4 to 12 months was lower in the EXPL group than in the CTRL group (P = 0.031) but higher than in the BF group (P < 0.0001). Longitudinal analysis of odds ratios from 4 to 12 months indicated fewer infants with weight >85th percentile in the EXPL group than in the CTRL group (P = 0.015). Length z scores were lower than, and body mass index z scores were similar to, World Health Organization Standards in all of the groups. Serum biochemical parameters in the EXPL group reflected lower protein intake and were closer to parameters in the BF infants than in the CTRL group. CONCLUSIONS:A formula with 1.61 g of protein/100 kcal supports normal growth of infants after age 3 months. This protein content is adequate if provided from a high-quality source.
journal_name
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutrjournal_title
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutritionauthors
Ziegler EE,Fields DA,Chernausek SD,Steenhout P,Grathwohl D,Jeter JM,Nelson SE,Haschke Fdoi
10.1097/MPG.0000000000000881subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-11-01 00:00:00pages
596-603issue
5eissn
0277-2116issn
1536-4801journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess immune response to vaccination in children and young people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In patients with IBDs, both the disease itself and its treatment can affect the vaccine response. METHODS:Medical databases were searched for r...
journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
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journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
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abstract:OBJECTIVES:The most common cause of encopresis in children is functional fecal retention (FFR). An international working team suggested that FFR be defined by the following criteria: a history of >12 weeks of passage of <2 large-diameter bowel movements (BMs) per week, retentive posturing, and accompanying symptoms, su...
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journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
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journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
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doi:10.1097/00005176-198510000-00015
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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doi:10.1097/00005176-200311000-00014
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journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
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journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
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更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
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更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00