Abstract：
:Stimulation of Escherichia coli with acetate elevates the acetylation level of the chemotaxis response regulator CheY. This elevation, in an unknown mechanism, activates CheY to generate clockwise rotation. Here, using quantitative selective reaction monitoring mass spectrometry and high-resolution targeted mass spectrometry, we identified K91 and K109 as the major sites whose acetylation level in vivo increases in response to acetate. Employing single and multiple lysine replacements in CheY, we found that K91 and K109 are also the sites mainly responsible for acetate-dependent clockwise generation. Furthermore, we showed that clockwise rotation is repressed when residue K91 is nonmodified, as evidenced by an increased ability of CheY to generate clockwise rotation when K91 was acetylated or replaced by specific amino acids. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that K91 repression is manifested in the conformational dynamics of the β4α4 loop, shifted toward an active state upon mutation. Removal of β4α4 loop repression may represent a general activation mechanism in CheY, pertaining also to the canonical phosphorylation activation pathway as suggested by crystal structures of active and inactive CheY from Thermotoga maritima. By way of elimination, we further suggest that K109 acetylation is actively involved in generating clockwise rotation.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Fraiberg M,Afanzar O,Cassidy CK,Gabashvili A,Schulten K,Levin Y,Eisenbach Mdoi
10.1111/mmi.12858subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
231-44issue
2eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In bacteria, genes are often expressed from multiple promoters to allow for a greater spectrum of regulation. Transcription of rRNA genes in Escherichia coli uses two promoters, rrn P1 and rrn P2. Under the conditions examined previously, the P1 and P2 promoters were regulated in response to many of the same changes i...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04060.x
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutaredoxins and thioredoxins are small heat-stable oxidoreductases that have been conserved throughout evolution. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two gene pairs encoding cytoplasmic glutaredoxins (GRX1, GRX2) and thioredoxins (TRX1, TRX2). We report here that the quadruple trx1 trx2 grx1 grx2 mutant is i...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01948.x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic oscillation of the Min system in Escherichia coli determines the placement of the division plane at the midcell. In addition to stimulating MinD ATPase activity, we report here that MinE can directly interact with the membrane and this interaction contributes to the proper MinDE localization and dynamics. The ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.07006.x
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacillus subtilis SpoIIE is a Ser protein phosphatase whose action on the phosphoprotein SpoIIAA triggers the cell type-specific activation of a sporulation transcription factor. Here we report that SpoIIE displays sequence similarity to the PP2C family of eukaryotic Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, and that residues com...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.1801552.x
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PrkC was shown to be a eukaryotic-like (Hanks-type) protein kinase from Bacillus subtilis with a structural organization similar to that of the eukaryotic sensor Ser/Thr or Tyr kinases (e.g. the TGF beta or PDGF receptors). The molecule consists of a catalytic domain located in the cytoplasm, joined by a single transm...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03178.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMP-1) is exposed on the surface of infected erythrocytes where it both acts as an important pathogenicity factor in malaria and undergoes antigenic variation as a means of immune evasion. Because the mammalian erythrocyte lacks a protein secretory machinery ther...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04468.x
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In contrast to most primary metabolism genes, the genes involved in secondary metabolism and certain nutrient utilization pathways are clustered in fungi. Recently a nuclear protein, LaeA, was found to be required for the transcription of several secondary metabolite gene clusters in Aspergillus nidulans. Here we show...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05330.x
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trans-acting small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are key players in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria. There are hundreds of different sRNAs in a typical bacterium, which in contrast to eukaryotic microRNAs are more heterogeneous in length, sequence composition, and secondary structure. The vast majority of sRNA...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/mmi.14420
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CTXphi is a filamentous phage that encodes cholera toxin, one of the principal virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae. CTXphi is unusual among filamentous phages because it can either replicate as a plasmid or integrate into the V. cholerae chromosome at a specific site. The CTXphi genome has two regions, the 'core' and...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3911758.x
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interpretation of the constantly expanding body of genomic information requires that the function of each gene be established. Here we report the genomic analysis and structural modelling of a previously uncharacterized redox-metabolism protein UrdA (SO_4620) of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, which led to a discovery of ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.12067
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis requires the differentiation of a subpopulation of cells responsible for the production of the extracellular matrix that structures the biofilm. Differentiation of matrix-producing cells depends, among other factors, on the FloT and YqfA proteins. These proteins are present exclu...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08205.x
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：SUMMARY:The conserved bacterial protein RloC, a distant homologue of the tRNA(Lys) anticodon nuclease (ACNase) PrrC, is shown here to act as a wobble nucleotide-excising and Zn(++)-responsive tRNase. The more familiar PrrC is silenced by a genetically linked type I DNA restriction-modification (R-M) enzyme, activated b...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06387.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reverse transcriptase, discovered in 1970 in retroviruses, has until recently been found only in eukaryotic organisms. Recently it was shown to occur in two groups of bacteria: myxobacteria and Escherichia coli. The gene for reverse transcriptase is part of a chromosomal genetic element that codes for the production o...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00264.x
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The F factor traY gene product (TraYp) is a site-specific DNA-binding protein involved in initiation of DNA transfer during bacterial conjugation. The sequence of TraYp exhibits a unique direct-repeat structure predicted to have a ribbon-helix-helix DNA-binding motif in each repeat unit. The stoichiometry of TraYp bin...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02638.x
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell wall lipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis containing multiple methylbranched fatty acids play critical roles in pathogenesis and thus offer targets for new antimycobacterial drugs. Mycocerosicacid synthase gene (mas) encodes the enzyme that produces one class of such acids. Seven mas-like genes (msls) were identi...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03119.x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The colicin-like bacteriocins are potent protein antibiotics that have evolved to efficiently cross the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria by parasitizing nutrient uptake systems. We have structurally characterized the colicin M-like bacteriocin, pectocin M2, which is active against strains of Pectobacterium spp...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.12655
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular parasite and the causative organism of human listeriosis. In this article we demonstrate that L. monocytogenes encodes a functional member of the CodY family of global regulatory proteins that is responsive to both GTP and branched chain amino acids. By transcrip...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05597.x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:F plasmid traY protein binding to wild-type or deleted regions containing the TraY-binding site, sbyA, was studied in vitro. The principal DNA-protein complex was formed with DNA segments including the sbyA site defined by footprinting and (with lesser affinity) with truncated segments that retained the leftward two-t...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00327.x
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The virulence genes of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens are induced by more than 40 low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds. The prevailing opinion is that (i) wound-derived phenols produced on breach of the integrity of the cell wall act as the initiating signal in a series of events which results in host...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01155.x
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts all possess an outer membrane populated with a host of β-barrel outer-membrane proteins (βOMPs). These βOMPs play crucial roles in maintaining viability of their hosts, and therefore, it is essential to understand the biogenesis of this class of membrane proteins....
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/mmi.14666
更新日期：2020-12-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The chromosome of Escherichia coli K-12 contains a putative gene, yheB (chiA), at centisome 74.7, whose product shows sequence similarity with chitinases of bacterial and viral origin. We cloned the chiA (yheB) gene and demonstrated that it codes for a 94.5 kDa periplasmic protein with endochitinase/lysozyme activity....
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01817.x
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Helicobacter pylori persists deep in the human gastric mucus layer in a harsh, nutrient-poor environment. Survival under these conditions depends on the ability of this human pathogen to invoke starvation/stress responses when needed. Unlike many bacteria, H. pylori lacks starvation/stress-responding alternative sigma...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07233.x
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The minimum time (E) required for a new pair of replication origins (oriCs) produced upon initiating a round of replication to be ready to initiate the next round after one cell mass doubling, the 'eclipse', is explained in terms of a minimal distance (l(min)) that the replication forks must move away from oriC before...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05501.x
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cell walls of Sulfolobales species consist of proteinaceous S-layers assembled from two polypeptides, SlaA and SlaB. We isolated the large S-layer protein of Acidianus ambivalens and both S-layer subunits of Sulfolobus solfataricus and Metallosphaera sedula, respectively. The slaAB genes, lying adjacently in the c...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06746.x
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The SaPIs are chromosomal islands in staphylococci and other Gram-positive bacteria that carry genes for superantigens, virulence factors, resistance and certain metabolic functions. They have intimate relationships with certain temperate phages involving phage-induced excision, replication and efficient packaging in ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06027.x
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We show that Yersinia pestis and pesticin-sensitive isolates of Y. pseudotuberculosis possess a common 34 kbp DNA region that has all the hallmarks of a pathogenicity island and is inserted into different asparaginyl tRNA genes at different chromosomal locations in each species. This pathogenicity island (YP-HPI) is m...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01172.x
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The product of the codY gene is required for nutritional repression of the Bacillus subtillis dipeptide permease operon (dpp), an operon expressed at early stationary phase in nutrient-rich medium. Though unrelated to any known DNA-binding protein, CodY was shown to bind specifically to the dpp promoter region. DNase ...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02522.x
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a leading cause of infant diarrhoea. EPEC mediates several effects on host epithelial cells, including activation of signal-transduction pathways, cytoskeletal rearrangement along with pedestal and attaching/effacing lesion formation. It has been previously shown that the EP...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02619.x
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), a.k.a. conjugative transposons, are mobile genetic elements involved in many biological processes, including pathogenesis, symbiosis and the spread of antibiotic resistance. Unlike conjugative plasmids that are extra-chromosomal and replicate autonomously, ICEs are integrat...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06985.x
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Morphological differentiation in the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor is believed to involve a mechanism of extracellular signalling that culminates with the formation of an aerial mycelium. We have identified a gene cluster designated bldK in which insertional and deletion mutations cause a block in aeri...
journal_title：Molecular microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.01540.x
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
