Abstract:
:The phenomenon of fiber-induced cytotoxicity to P388D1 macrophagelike cells has been demonstrated to parallel (thus far without exception) the probability that the fiber will induce a pleural sarcoma (mesothelioma) in rats. This startling parallel in both cases seems to be essentially independent of the chemical nature of the fiber and correlates best with the presence of fibers greater than 8 micrometers in length and fibers with diameters in the range 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer (Stanton Hypothesis). In both systems evidence has been produced which cast strong doubts on any role played by absorbed (or adherent) impurities. The existence of multiple physical forms of the same chemical moiety (aluminum oxide, dihydroxy-sodium aluminum carbonate, borosilicate glass, etc.,) provides additional test material for the chemical independence corollary. The similar, cytotoxic or sarcomatogenous behavior of chemically different materials (e.g. amosite, chrysotile, aluminum oxide) exhibits the necessary converse argument. As long as the fiber size-shape dependency effect was limited to whole animal phenomena, such as tumor induction, one could make implicitly what were essentially statistical or probabilistic inferences involving transport and/or distribution of fibers to account for the physical effect. The demonstration of strict parallelism at the cellular level in vitro suggests the possibility that in the case of durable fiber toxicology we are dealing with a form of cell-solid interaction in which physical properties for which we have as yet no known receptors play a prominent role.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Lipkin LEdoi
10.1289/ehp.803491subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-02-01 00:00:00pages
91-102eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In an attempt to elucidate the relationship between DNA adduct formation and tumorigenesis, DNA adducts were measured in the livers and bladders of mice during chronic exposure to several different doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP). Continuous oral administration of these compounds for...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s6161
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on gonadal sex differentiation, genetically male tadpoles of Rana rugosa were exposed to dilute solutions of DBP at concentrations of 0.1, 1, or 10 microM during days 19-23 after fertilization, which is the critical period of gonadal sex differentiation in R. rugosa. T...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.001081189
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In male rodents, anogenital distance (AGD) provides a sensitive and continuous correlate of androgen exposure in the intrauterine environment and predicts later reproductive success. Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals can alter male reproductive tract development, including shortening AGD, in both rodents a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1103421
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the statistical properties of a simple two-stage model of carcinogenesis are explored. The implications of additive treatment effects versus independent treatment effects on the shape of the dose-response curve are considered. Response that is low-dose linear results in the cases where the mutation rates are a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8776125
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although a long latency period of toxicity after exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is known to exist in humans, few animal studies have addressed this issue. Substantiation of delayed MeHg toxicity in animals would affect the risk evaluation of MeHg. OBJECTIVES:Our goal in this study was to demonstrate the e...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10906
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to air pollution has been associated with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, suggesting an inflammatory response. Not much is known about this association in pregnancy. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with maternal and fetal CRP levels in ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104345
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A set of 53 individuals from a population highly exposed to airborne hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were selected to study the elimination kinetics of this chemical in humans. The volunteers provided blood, 24-hr urine, and feces samples for analysis of HCB and metabolites. The serum HCB concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 1,4...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108595
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In August 1997 we performed a follow-up survey of 146 lead-poisoned children from a community near a previously active auto battery recycling smelter in Haina near Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Our follow-up survey confirmed a severe incidence of elevated blood lead (BPb) and erythrocyte protoporphyrin/zinc proto...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107917
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocrine disruption from environmental contaminants has been linked to a broad spectrum of adverse outcomes. One concern about endocrine-disrupting xenobiotics is the potential for additive or synergistic (i.e., greater-than-additive) effects of mixtures. A short-term dosing model to examine the effects of environmen...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8195
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we give some examples of using databases of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity for quantitative and qualitative correlation studies between short-term tests and carcinogenicity. The quality of the databases is obviously important, but one of the major deficiencies of present databases is that they are too ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.919661
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphenol A (BPA) is the monomer used to manufacture polycarbonate plastic, the resin lining of cans, and other products, with global capacity in excess of 6.4 billion lb/year. Because the ester bonds in these BPA-based polymers are subject to hydrolysis, leaching of BPA has led to widespread human exposure. A recent ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.7713
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effect of indoor nitrogen dioxide concentrations on asthma morbidity among inner-city preschool children is uncertain. OBJECTIVES:Our goal was to estimate the effect of indoor NO2 concentrations on asthma morbidity in an inner-city population while adjusting for other indoor pollutants. METHODS:We recr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11349
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under a mandate from the U.S. Congress, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services conducts animal bioassays for carcinogenicity of potentially toxic chemicals to which the U.S. population might be exposed. Methyleugenol, a natural as well as synthesized substance, was no...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6766
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous environmental endocrine disruptor targeting estrogen receptors (ERs), has been implicated in the promotion of breast cancer. Perinatal exposure of BPA could induce longitudinal alteration of DNA hydroxymethylation in imprinted loci of mouse blood cells. To date, no data has be...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP5862
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lysosomes of several varieties of cells such as the tubular proximal cell of the kidney and the alveolar macrophage have the ability to concentrate and precipitate several elements inhaled in water-soluble form, usually as phosphate. The mechanism involved is attributed to the high acid phosphatase activity of lys...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9297145
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term increases in ambient air pollution have been associated with an increased incidence of acute cardiac events. We assessed the effect of inhalation exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) on myocardial ischemia in a canine model of coronary artery occlusion. Six mongrel dogs underwent thoracotomy fo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5775
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied peripheral lymphocyte HPRT variant frequency and endogenous nitrosation in human populations exposed to various nitrate levels in their drinking water. Four test populations of women volunteers were compared. Low and medium tap water nitrate exposure groups (14 and 21 subjects) were using public water suppl...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104522
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), the most abundant compound of the aminoimidazoazaarens (AIA) group of mutagens/carcinogens isolated from the crust of fried and broiled meat, was examined in freshly isolated hepatocytes from untreated rat, mouse, hamster, and guinea pig. Activa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s6109
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess whether the joint effects of three androgen receptor antagonists (vinclozolin, flutamide, procymidone) on male sexual differentiation after in utero and postnatal exposures can be predicted based on dose-response data of the individual chemicals. METHODS:Test chemicals and...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9360
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A literature review of experimental and human exposure studies of skin permeation and cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions evoked by chromium was carried out to provide a basis for making a risk assessment of chromium as a soil contaminant. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that 1 to 4% of the applied dose of ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.92-1519389
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years there has been an increasing focus in environmental risk assessment on children as a potentially susceptible population. There also has been growing recognition of the need for a systematic approach for organizing, evaluating, and incorporating the available data on children's susceptibilities in risk ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.6182
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to oxidants is associated with an increased incidence of malignancy; however, the mechanism(s) by which oxidants contribute to carcinogenesis is unknown. Since oncogene activation plays an important role in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage might contribute to ca...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s10155
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of low concentrations of perchlorate in some drinking water sources has led to concern regarding potential effects on the thyroid. In a recently published report, the National Academy of Sciences indicated that the perchlorate dose required to cause hypothyroidism in adults would probably be > 0.40 mg/kg-...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7814
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of persistent organic contaminants suspected to cause adverse effects in wildlife and humans. In rodents, PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and pregnane X receptors (PXR) inducing the expression of catabolic cytochrome p450 enzymes of the CYP1A and 3A families. We fo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6560
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traffic noise affects a large number of people, particularly in urbanized areas. Noise causes stress and annoyance, but less is known about the relationship between noise and depression. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the association of residential road traffic noise with depressive symptoms using 5-year follow-...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409400
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basophilic hepatic foci, nodules, and trabecular hepatocellular carcinomas, collectively referred to as focal hepatic lesions, were induced by single injections of 5.0 micrograms of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) per gram body weight in 15-day-old C57BL/6J X C3HeB/FeJ F1 (B6C3 F1) mice. Groups of eight experimental and eigh...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8350149
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inspection of the available literature reveals that a detailed investigation of the aqueous organic chemistry of chlorine dioxide and systematic identification of products formed during water disinfection has not been considered. This must be done before an informed assessment can be made of the relative safety of usi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8246101
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large quantities of food processing, crop, forestry, and animal solid wastes are generated in the United States each year. The major components of these wastes are biodegradable. However, they also contain components such as nitrogen, human and animal pathogens, medicinals, feed additives, salts, and certain metals, t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.7827261
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an important cofactor in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan, is influenced by dietary and other factors. The present study examined the intraindividual variability in AFB1-albumin adducts, the most reliable long-term biomarker of AFB1 exposure, and whether the baseline ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109833
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of people worldwide are living in areas where ozone (O3) concentrations exceed health standards (an hourly average of 235 micrograms/m3/0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year). Ozone induces acute nasal inflammatory responses and significant epithelial lesions in experimental animals and humans....
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.102-1567497
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00