Abstract：
:The innervation of muscles in patients with the post-polio syndrome (PPS) may differ from limb to limb or even within the same limb because of the segmental nature of the initial involvement and the varying degree of subsequent recovery. Consequently, the compensatory effort of the neighboring muscles varies even in the same limb. Clinicohistological studies have confirmed that in PPS the various muscle groups differ according to whether they were affected during the acute polio and have recovered (partially or completely), or whether they were clinically spared during the original disease, in spite of subclinical involvement. Because the impact of the late effects of polio is also variable in these muscle groups, the effect of therapies may be different not only from patient to patient and from limb to limb, but also from muscle to muscle within the same limb. These variables require careful statistical determination of the sample size at the design of a trial. Another problematic issue in the therapy of PPS is to define the end point of therapy. The two disabling PPS symptoms, excessive fatigue and new muscle weakness, can coexist. An experimental therapeutic design must focus separately on the fatigue, using validated fatigue scales, and on muscle weakness, using quantitative muscle testing. Another methodological concern is the placebo-controlled design. Patients with PPS, even those without depression, can be prone to a placebo effect; hence the need for controlled trials. Finally, the length of a trial remains unresolved because of the slow and unpredictable progression of PPS that varies from patient to patient. Until the natural history of PPS is defined, therapies aimed at arresting disease progression are not reliable.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Dalakas MCdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb27557.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-05-25 00:00:00pages
314-20eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
753pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is generated through the catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In the brain, NO mediates neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, vascular smooth muscle relaxation, and endothelial cell permeability. Previous studies demonstrated aberrant expression...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract：:Most ecological economists believe that the transition to a steady-state economy is necessary to ensure ecological sustainability and to maximize a nation's economic welfare. While some observers agree with the necessity of the steady-state economy, they are nonetheless critical of the suggestion made by ecological ec...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract：:Post-polio syndrome (PPS) describes the clinical onset of progressive muscular weakness many years after survival of acute paralytic poliomyelitis, often in muscle groups clinically unaffected by the original disease process. Prior pathologic descriptions of this often disabling, but not usually fatal, syndrome have b...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb27544.x
更新日期：1995-05-25 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：1998-06-30 00:00:00
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更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：1994-11-17 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：1992-12-17 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47046.x
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb17311.x
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：1999-06-22 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:West Nile virus (WNV) caused disease outbreaks in Israel in the 1950s and the late 1970s. In 1998 an outbreak of WNV in goose farms and evidence of infection in dead migratory birds were reported. Consequently, human diagnostic services for WNV were resumed, including virus isolation, serology, and RT-PCR. Risk factor...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saliva is an underused fluid with considerable promise for biomedical testing. Its potential is particularly great for monitoring small-molecule analytes since these are often present in saliva at concentrations that correlate well with their free levels in blood. We describe the development of a prototype diagnostic ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
