Abstract：
:The innervation of muscles in patients with the post-polio syndrome (PPS) may differ from limb to limb or even within the same limb because of the segmental nature of the initial involvement and the varying degree of subsequent recovery. Consequently, the compensatory effort of the neighboring muscles varies even in the same limb. Clinicohistological studies have confirmed that in PPS the various muscle groups differ according to whether they were affected during the acute polio and have recovered (partially or completely), or whether they were clinically spared during the original disease, in spite of subclinical involvement. Because the impact of the late effects of polio is also variable in these muscle groups, the effect of therapies may be different not only from patient to patient and from limb to limb, but also from muscle to muscle within the same limb. These variables require careful statistical determination of the sample size at the design of a trial. Another problematic issue in the therapy of PPS is to define the end point of therapy. The two disabling PPS symptoms, excessive fatigue and new muscle weakness, can coexist. An experimental therapeutic design must focus separately on the fatigue, using validated fatigue scales, and on muscle weakness, using quantitative muscle testing. Another methodological concern is the placebo-controlled design. Patients with PPS, even those without depression, can be prone to a placebo effect; hence the need for controlled trials. Finally, the length of a trial remains unresolved because of the slow and unpredictable progression of PPS that varies from patient to patient. Until the natural history of PPS is defined, therapies aimed at arresting disease progression are not reliable.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Dalakas MCdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb27557.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-05-25 00:00:00pages
314-20eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
753pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:To gain better insight into mass transfer problems in encapsulated cell systems requires a combination of experimental investigations and mathematical modeling. Specific mass transfer studies are reviewed including oxygen transfer in immobilized animal cell culture bioreactors, modeling of polymer droplet formation an...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08496.x
更新日期：1999-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is one of the most common chronic diseases. It is an autoimmune, polygenic disease, associated with several genes on different chromosomes. The most important gene is human leukocyte antigen (HLA), also known as major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is located on chro...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb03003.x
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CBrs), CB1 and CB2, mediate the effects of cannabinoids and marijuana use, with functional evidence for other CBrs. CB1 receptors are expressed primarily in brain and peripheral tissues. For over a decade several laboratories were unable to detect CB2 receptors in brain an...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1369.052
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Now that the human genome has been mapped, a new challenge has emerged: deciphering the various products of individual genes. Consequently, new proteomic technologies are being developed to monitor and identify protein function and interactions responsible for the total activities of the cell. The application of these...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04881.x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcitonin gene-related peptide has been identified by immunocytochemistry within the thymus of fetal through aged adult mice. Calcitonin gene-related peptide positive nerves are observed from embryonic day 17 throughout the lifespan of the mouse. A sparse cell population positive for CGRP is first observed during the...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb23094.x
更新日期：1994-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigation of blood-brain barrier permeability and metabolic processes, and their regulation by endogenous or exogenous factors, will be important for development of efficient and selective delivery of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system. Primary cultures of brain microvessel endothelial cells offer a ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb45787.x
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal trials of many pharmacological neuroprotective agents have been quite successful, whereas trials in humans have been uniformly disappointing. A major difference between laboratory research in animals and clinical research in humans is the amount and/or quality of data obtained. The goal of this presentation is ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1344.001
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The large-scale differential gene expression in lymphomononuclear cells of six patients with recently diagnosed type), and six normal individuals matched to patients for sex and age were studied. Glass slides containing 4608 cDNAs from the IMAGE library were spotted using robotic technology. Statistical analysis was c...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1375.026
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present article we assessed exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Italian asphalt workers (AW, n = 100), exposed to bitumen fumes and diesel exhausts, and in roadside construction workers (CW, n = 47), exposed to diesel exhausts, by means of environmental and biological monitoring. 1-hydroxypyr...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1371.013
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Venous or arterial thrombosis, abortion, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) define the criteria for the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). A heterogeneous group of antibodies against phospholipids and plasma proteins may influence several coagulation pathways and lead to thrombophilia. We investigated...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1313.026
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beta-carotene acts as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant depending on the concentrations that cells are treated with. Oxidative DNA damage is related to apoptosis of various cells. Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), a sensor for DNA-damaging agents, activates a variety of effectors in multiple signaling pathways, such ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04711.x
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have verified that wild birds can become conditioned to reject naturally toxic insects either visually (experiment 1) or by taste (experiment 2). We have also verified, however, that unconditioned taste rejection of noxious chemicals by wild birds also occurs (experiment 3). Such unconditioned responses to the apos...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27072.x
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We test whether inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) can exert a cytoprotective effect on cerebral endothelial cells upon stimulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mouse brain endothelial cells were stably transfected to express an antisense RNA against iNOS driven by an endothelium-specific von Wille...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1338.037
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cochlear implants (CIs) provide impressive speech perception for persons with severe hearing loss, but many CI recipients fail in perceiving speech prosody and music. Successful rehabilitation depends on cortical plasticity in the brain and postoperative measures. The present study evaluates the behavioral and neurolo...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04796.x
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of the sedative/hypnotic and euphoric effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), the recreational use of the drug has increased significantly. In the current study we investigated the sedative and rewarding effects of GHB in Swiss Webster mice. Although the acute administration of GHB (200 mg/kg) caused marke...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04186.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The HLA genotype DRB1*03,DQB1*0201/DRB1*04,DQB1*0302 confers a 25-fold increase in the risk of type 1 diabetes. In persons with this genotype, DRB1*0405, *0402, and *0401 subtypes have been reported to further increase risk, whereas the *0403 and *0406 alleles confer a relative protection. We compared the frequencies ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1288.047
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperprolactinemia is often observed in lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH). To clarify the possible autoimmune pituitary involvement in patients with apparently idiopathic hyperprolactinemia we investigated the presence of antipituitary antibodies (APA) in hyperprolactinemic patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1381.014
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CYP21A2 genotyping remains an important element in the diagnosis and management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and establishing accurate genotype-phenotype correlations has facillitated adequate genetic counseling and prenatal management for at-risk families. Despite extensive efforts to establish a clear genotype...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/nyas.13540
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Information processing in the rodent hippocampus is fundamentally shaped by internally generated sequences (IGSs), expressed during two different network states: theta sequences, which repeat and reset at the ∼8 Hz theta rhythm associated with active behavior, and punctate sharp wave-ripple (SWR) sequences associated ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nyas.13329
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Valproic acid (VA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), in vitro induces differentiation of promyelocyte leukemia cell (HL-60) and proliferation arrest and apoptosis of various leukemia cell lines. In MOLT-4 cells (human T lymphocyte leukemia) the cell cycle arrest is caused by 2 mM VA, while 4 mM VA induces main...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1378.082
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twin and family studies have demonstrated that most cognitive traits are moderately to highly heritable. Neurodevelopmental disorders such as dyslexia, autism, and specific language impairment (SLI) also show strong genetic influence. Nevertheless, it has proved difficult for researchers to identify genes that would e...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04419.x
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Release of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) of Alzheimer's disease from Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts was stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. In fibroblasts overexpressing protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha), the EC50 for this response was 7 nM, while in control cells the EC50 ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb23040.x
更新日期：1993-09-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this research is to investigate the fluoride contents in the chilies from southwest China and other countries in order to calculate the difference in fluoride levels in the fresh chilies. The standard method in China for analysis of fluoride in food (GB/T 5009.18-2003) was applied to determinate the flu...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1454.035
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T-lymphocytes from three species of New World monkeys were susceptible to transformation in vitro with human T-cell leukemia virus. Marmoset T-lymphocytes transformed in vitro with HVS or HVA, T-lymphotropic herpesviruses of New World monkeys, were also transformed with HTLV resulting in doubly transformed T-cells. Th...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb37186.x
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previous review of alternative treatments (Tx) of ADHD--those other than psychoactive medication and behavioral/psychosocial Tx--was supplemented with an additional literature search focused on adults with ADHD. Twenty-four alternative Tx were identified, ranging in scientific documentation from discrediting control...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05788.x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either 40 mg/kg (-)cocaine hydrochloride or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline, subcutaneously (s.c.), once daily from gestational day 12 (GD 12) to GD 21. Gestational cocaine exposure had no effect on maternal weight gain, length of gestation, birthweight, fetal...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:With the progressive aging of the world's population, immunosenescence is rapidly becoming a clinical concern as it accounts for a higher incidence of severe infections and poor response to vaccines. To identify nutritional approaches that may counteract immunosenescence is of obvious importance in clinical practice. ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05264.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carnitine acyltransferases catalyze the exchange of acyl groups between carnitine and coenzyme A (CoA). These enzymes include carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT), carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT), and carnitine palmitoyltransferases (CPTs). CPT-I and CPT-II are crucial for the beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty aci...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1320.002
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The coordinated regulation between cellular glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production is indispensable for the maintenance of constant blood glucose concentrations. The liver contributes significantly to this process by altering the levels of hepatic glucose release, through controlling the processes of de novo...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nyas.13435
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiologic features are described of cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the United States. ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1374.017
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
