Abstract:
:A previous review of alternative treatments (Tx) of ADHD--those other than psychoactive medication and behavioral/psychosocial Tx--was supplemented with an additional literature search focused on adults with ADHD. Twenty-four alternative Tx were identified, ranging in scientific documentation from discrediting controlled studies through mere hypotheses to positive controlled double-blind clinical trials. Many of them are applicable only to a specific subgroup. Although oligoantigenic (few-foods) diets have convincing double-blind evidence of efficacy for a properly selected subgroup of children, they do not appear promising for adults. Enzyme-potentiated desensitization, relaxation/EMG biofeedback, and deleading also have controlled evidence of efficacy. Iron supplementation, magnesium supplementation, Chinese herbals, EEG biofeedback, massage, meditation, mirror feedback, channel-specific perceptual training, and vestibular stimulation all have promising prospective pilot data, many of these tests reasonably controlled. Single-vitamin megadosage has some intriguing pilot trial data. Zinc supplementation is hypothetically supported by systematic case-control data, but no systematic clinical trial. Laser acupuncture has promising unpublished pilot data and may be more applicable to adults than children. Essential fatty acid supplementation has promising systematic case-control data, but clinical trials are equivocal. RDA vitamin supplementation, non-Chinese herbals, homeopathic remedies, and antifungal therapy have no systematic data in ADHD. Megadose multivitamin combinations are probably ineffective for most patients and are possibly dangerous. Simple sugar restriction seems ineffective. Amino acid supplementation is mildly effective in the short term, but not beyond 2-3 months. Thyroid treatment is effective in the presence of documented thyroid abnormality. Some alternative Tx of ADHD are effective or probably effective, but mainly for certain patients. In some cases, they are the Tx of choice, and initial evaluation should consider the relevant etiologies. A few have failed to prove effective in controlled trials. Most need research to determine whether they are effective and/or to define the applicable subgroup. Some of them, although not safer than standard Tx, may be preferable for an etiologic subgroup.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Arnold LEdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05788.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-06-01 00:00:00pages
310-41eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
931pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Modern contraceptive methods represent more than a technical advance: they are the instrument of a true social revolution-the "first reproductive revolution" in the history of humanity, an achievement of the second part of the 20th century, when modern, effective methods became available. Today a great diversity of te...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1365.002
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective investigation of perioperative cardiac edema formation requiring a delayed sternal closure, we identified thrombin increase combined with a simultaneous decrease of factor XIII as a probable cause. After experimental studies additionally revealed that factor XIII could protect endothelial barrier func...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03549.x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity has various deleterious effects on health largely associated with metabolic abnormalities including abnormal glucose and lipid homeostasis that are associated with vascular injury and known cardiac, renal, and cerebrovascular complications. Advanced age is also associated with increased adiposity, decreased le...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06274.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compare the evidence from human neuroimaging studies for and against two of the major hypotheses of how alterations in the brain's reward system underlie addiction. One of these, the impulsivity hypothesis, proposes that addiction is characterized by excessive sensitivity to reward combined with a failure of inhibi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05898.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two basic types of factors reacting with anti-I region (anti-Ia) antisera are compared, those derived from macrophage-like antigen presenting cells and others derived from T-lymphocytes, of either the suppressor or helper type. Despite the common property of reacting with anti-Ia antisera, the two sets of factors diff...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb47153.x
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both orbital and attitude dynamics employ the method of variation of parameters. In a non-perturbed setting, the coordinates (or the Euler angles) are expressed as functions of the time and six adjustable constants called elements. Under disturbance, each such expression becomes ansatz, the "constants" being endowed w...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1370.016
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaques, areas of destroyed myelin sheaths in the CNS, which results in multiple disabilities for patients. In addition to demyelinated plaques, pathophysiological studies have shown "shadow plaques" that represent areas of part...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1342.015
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical hypoxia produces depletion of ATP, intracellular Ca2+ overload, and cell death. The role of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), the major plasma membrane Ca2+ extruding system, has been explored in chemical hypoxia using BHK cells stably transfected with the three mammalian NCX isoforms: NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3. Here we r...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1387.052
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the molecular mechanism by which Sph-1-P affects the FN-dependent haptotactic motility of serum-starved mouse melanoma B16/F10 cells. We found that EDG-5-induced Rho activation followed by enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin, and beta 1-integrin activation leading to overexpression of...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06566.x
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expectation of reward facilitates motor behaviors that enable the animal to approach a location in space where the reward is expected. It is now known that the same expectation of reward profoundly modifies sensory, motor, and cognitive information processing in the brain. However, it is still unclear which brain regi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1390.012
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the complete genome sequences of the Nine Mile, K, and G isolates to improve our understanding of the unique virulence properties of C. burnetii and to provide important insight into the genome architecture and genetic diversity of this pathogen. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1355.007
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptin is the product of the ob gene located in humans on chromosome 7q31.3. It is a 16-kDa protein named after the Greek "leptos," meaning lean, to indicate the function that this adipocyte-secreted protein was thought to have. Since its discovery, in fact, most of the research focused on the role of leptin in body-w...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1290.007
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ibogaine, an alkaloid extracted from Tabemanthe iboga, is being studied as a potential long-acting treatment for oploid and stimulant abuse as well as for alcoholism and smoking. Studies in this laboratory have used animal models to characterize ibogaine's interactions with drugs of abuse, and to investigate the mecha...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::The Na,K-ATPase is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, and each subunit consists of multiple isoforms. In the case of alpha, four isoforms, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4 are present in mammalian cells. The distribution of these isoforms is tissue- and developmental-specific, suggesting that they may play sp...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07214.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular archaeology of the mutation spectra of tumor suppressor genes generates hypotheses concerning the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of human cancer. The spectrum of somatic mutations in the p53 gene implicates environmental carcinogens and both endogenous agents and processes in the etiology of human c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06870.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in understanding the epidemiology of endometriosis have lagged behind other diseases because of methodologic problems related to disease definition and control selection. Nevertheless, a better picture of the epidemiology of endometriosis has emerged over the past few decades. Prevalence estimates of the dise...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02761.x
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of the approaches presently available for prevention of blood-transmitted hepatitis, most clearly effective is the avoidance of high-risk donor populations, such as most paid commercial donors. It should be emphasized that even after screening for hepatitis B antigen most paid donor blood carries with it a five-ten ti...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb53345.x
更新日期:1975-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Our studies to date indicate that treatment with anti-idiotype to monoclonal anti-MHC antibodies can markedly influence the repertoire of anti-MHC antibodies expressed. The antibodies discussed here appear to represent two classes, one of which is public, probably representing expression of a germ line gene, and the s...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb18074.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite advances in technology and medicine, death itself remains an immutable certainty. Indeed, the acceptance and understanding of our mortality are among the enduring metaphysical challenges that have confronted human beings from the beginning of time. How have we sought to cope with the inevitability of our morta...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nyas.12474
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::AH-66 rat ascites hepatoma cells incorporated [14C]leucine into the AFP fraction. In a cell-free system, hepatoma ribosomes were found to be active in AFP synthesis whereas the supernatant fraction from hepatoma had no specific effect on AFP production. The amount of [14C]leucine incorporated in AFP by membrane-bound ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb25399.x
更新日期:1975-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiologic features are described of cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the United States. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1374.017
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Na,K-ATPase gamma subunit is present primarily in kidney as two splice variants, gammaa and gammab, which differ only at their extracellular N-termini. Two distinct effects of gamma are seen in biochemical Na,K-ATPase assays of mammalian (HeLa) cells transfected with gammaa or gammab, namely, (i) a decrease in K'(...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07224.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional decline of tissues in aged animals is a result of cellular aging. Though any process of somatic cell aging basically depends on genomic instructions, phenotypes of aged cells are expressed in a given internal environment of each cell type that was made with translated proteins and post-translationally modif...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05637.x
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Needle free jet injection guns have been used extensively in both veterinary and human health to deliver both vaccine and drugs, but in recent years, concerns have mounted for their potential to transmit blood borne disease agents among consecutive vaccinates. A Ped-O-Jet type jet injection device was used to deliver ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05361.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Ras proteins, which regulate intracellular signaling by a cyclic process involving interconversion between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states, play an essential role in controlling the activity of several crucial signaling pathways regulating normal cellular proliferation. Mutational activation of RAS ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1329.007
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of the E(2) --> E(1) conformational change of unphosphorylated Na(+),K(+)-ATPase from rabbit kidney were investigated via the stopped-flow technique using the fluorescent label RH421 (pH 7.4, 24 degrees C). The enzyme was preequilibrated in a solution containing 25 mM histidine and 0.1 mM EDTA to initiall...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07154.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Child maltreatment (CM) not only has detrimental and lifelong psychological consequences, but also can lead to lasting alterations in core physiological systems--a biological memory of CM. Furthermore, some of these alterations might even be transmitted to the next generation. This article describes current knowledge ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06617.x
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clara cell protein (CC16 or CC10) is a 15.8-kDa protein secreted all along the tracheobronchial tree and especially in the terminal bronchioles where Clara cells are localized. Even though the exact in vivo function of CC16 remains to be clarified, evidence is accumulating that CC16 plays an important protective role ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05520.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is present in hyperactive and neoplastic thyrocytes, but the functional role of this relaxin-like peptide hormone during carcinogenesis in the thyroid gland is currently unknown. We generated new cell models of stable transfectants of the human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line FTC-...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03832.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positron emission tomography allows for the study of human brain physiology and chemistry including cerebral blood flow, oxygen or glucose metabolism. We applied PET to study glucose metabolism using aphasia as a model of neurobehavior. The most striking observation was that the extent of cerebral glucose metabolic ch...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb51581.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00