Abstract:
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Viruses are an increasingly recognized cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), but their exact role in nosocomial pneumonia is still debated. This review focuses on the role of viruses as a cause of nosocomial pneumonia. RECENT FINDINGS:Respiratory viruses may be responsible for healthcare-associated pneumonia, because affected patients and those with CAP have the same risk factors for viral disease. In mechanically ventilated patients, viruses belonging to the Herpesviridae family, namely herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus, can be reactivated and cause bronchopneumonitis or ventilator-associated pneumonia, respectively. Recent results confirmed the high rate of HSV reactivation in the distal airways of mechanically ventilated patients, and that patients with high virus loads (>10(5) copies/ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) have poorer outcomes than those with low or no virus load. However, the responsibility of mimivirus, initially described as a possible cause of pneumonia, was not confirmed for nosocomial pneumonia. SUMMARY:Respiratory viruses are mainly responsible for CAP, but they may also cause healthcare-associated pneumonia. HSV bronchopneumonitis and cytomegalovirus pneumonia are not rare diseases, and patients with Herpesviridae lung infections have worse prognoses than those without. Whether or not those Herpesviridae infections are responsible for true morbidity or morbidity remains to be determined.
journal_name
Curr Opin Infect Disjournal_title
Current opinion in infectious diseasesauthors
Luyt CE,Bréchot N,Chastre Jdoi
10.1097/QCO.0000000000000049subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-04-01 00:00:00pages
194-9issue
2eissn
0951-7375issn
1473-6527journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The frequency and impact of viruses among intensive care unit (ICU) nonimmunocompromised patients remains controversial. This review analyzes their place as causal pathogens in ventilator-associated pneumonia, as well as their effects on ICU patients' outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS:Herpesviruses, namely h...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328343b6e4
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article reviews recent developments in West Nile encephalitis. Because of the large number of individuals infected in the United States, an expanded spectrum of the disease has been recognized. Flaccid paralysis presenting as poliomyelitis-like syndrome is being increasingly recognized. RECENT F...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200410000-00005
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. The development of increasing resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics is making treatment of infections due to this organism much more difficult. The ultimate impact of high-level antibiotic resista...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200306000-00015
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the initial responses of an organism to infection by pathogenic viruses is the synthesis of antiviral cytokines such as the type I interferons (interferon-alpha/beta), interleukins, and other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interferons provide a first line of defence against virus infections by genera...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200206000-00008
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:A review of recent developments in the understanding of the natural history of anal squamous carcinoma arising from areas of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. RECENT FINDINGS:Anal intraepithelial neoplasia is a consequence of chronic human papillomavirus infection in the anal canal and appea...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000199019.50451.a8
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of vaccines against viral haemorrhagic fevers is a public health priority. Recent advances in our knowledge of pathogenesis and of the immune responses elicited by these viruses emphasize the crucial role of the immune system in the control of infection, but also its probable involvement in pathogenesis. S...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200110000-00003
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:With increasing recognition of the importance of sexual networks in the dissemination of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), research is expanding. This review focuses on methodology for conducting sexual network research with in-depth presentations of recent and novel studies conducted on four co...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283422647
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We aim to review the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections and the strengths and limitations of multiplex respiratory pathogen panels that are currently available along with their respective features and differences. RECENT FINDINGS:We give particular emphasis to the pathogens included on each...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000357
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Clostridium difficile infection and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) are growing worldwide health threats. Recent studies have identified new host risk factors, diagnostic approaches and therapies of CDAD. The present review focuses on scientific papers published in the past 18 months ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32830f9397
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Genital Chlamydia trachomatis is common among young, sexually active people. Infections are most often asymptomatic but have potential long-term consequences for female reproductive health. The link between C. trachomatis and ectopic pregnancy is mainly based on early seroepidemiological case-control ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f3d972
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Efforts to reduce hospitalization or the length of stay are common topics in papers published last year. Chlamydia pneumoniae is now recognized worldwide as a common pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia. A great variation in the frequency of various pathogens is found in different countries, stressing the importan...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-199804000-00010
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review identifies trends in the study of interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and humans. When nasal colonization is in the neutral state, infection clearly represents a state of host-pathogen disbalance. The features leading from apparent homeostatic colonization to pathogenesis are identi...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000235159.40184.61
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the widespread prophylactic use of antifungal agents in neutropenic patients, invasive fungal infections continue to emerge as major causes of morbidity and mortality. With the exception of fluconazole prophylaxis in allogeneic marrow transplant recipients, no firm conclusions can be drawn due to the lack of r...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-199912000-00004
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review provides the rationale for the development of new antibiotics to treat community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It also provides an overview of the new antibiotics targeting CAP that have recently received approval by the regulatory agencies, and those antibiotics that are in the development pi...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000526
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Climate change, deforestation, urbanization, and increased population mobility have made the risk of large outbreaks of yellow fever more likely than ever. Yellow fever vaccine production barely meets demands. In this review, we address the causes of the recent yellow fever outbreaks, why fractional d...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000576
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are implicated in the cause of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL), the most prevalent pediatric cancer in equatorial Africa. Although the causal association between EBV and eBL has been established, P. falciparum malaria's role i...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328349ac4f
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to summarize important papers concerning measles disease and measles-containing vaccines published in 2004. RECENT FINDINGS:Endemic measles has been successfully controlled in the Americas and, to a lesser extent, in Europe. This has been achieved with a high uptake of t...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000168383.93647.47
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Burkholderia mallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the highly contagious and often the fatal disease, glanders. With its high rate of infectivity via aerosol and recalcitrance toward antibiotics, this pathogen is considered a potential biological threat agent. This review focuses ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000362
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been performed since 1921, and remains the best method of preventing severe infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, in its various forms, remains a public health problem, and more than 100 countries continue BCG vaccination in an ef...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000160895.97362.4f
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal inherited disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. Major progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. Persistent respiratory infection with P. aeruginosa leads to progressive ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200204000-00013
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Migrants living in high-income countries are disproportionately affected by HIV infection and frequently have characteristics associated with poor HIV clinical outcomes. HIV epidemiology among migrants is influenced by changes in migration patterns and variations in transmission risk behaviors. Here w...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000415
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Dengue, the most common arbovirus, is an increasingly significant cause of morbidity worldwide. After decades of research, an approved tetravalent dengue vaccine is finally available. Models constructed using recently available vaccine efficacy data allow for a data-driven discussion of the potential ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000394
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on the recent developments in the epidemiology, burden of disease, diagnostic tests, and treatment of fascioliasis. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent epidemiologic data suggest that either the endemic areas are expanding or disease is being recognized in areas where it was not previously obs...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283567b7e
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The present review describes the literature about the prevention of Staphylococcus aureus infections in surgery, published from August 2006 to January 2008, and puts it into perspective. RECENT FINDINGS:To prevent Staphylococcus aureus infections after surgical procedures, three methods were describe...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328301391d
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Antibiotic resistance continues to rise, whereas development of new agents to counter it has slowed. A heightened need exists to maintain the effectiveness of currently available agents. This review focuses on the need for better antimicrobial stewardship, expected benefits of well designed antimicrob...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000393484.17894.05
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Invasive fungal infections have become the leading infectious cause of death in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Several factors have led to a renaissance in the study of invasive fungal infections. The growing incidence of both commonly encountered as well as emerging pathogens and t...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000136935.13662.af
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In contrast to patients at risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia or mechanically ventilated patients at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia is a relatively new clinical entity that includes a spectrum of adult patients who have close association with acute care hos...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000216626.05821.40
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:New respiratory viruses have been discovered in recent years and new molecular diagnostic assays have been developed that improve our understanding of respiratory virus infections. This article will review the changing epidemiology of these viruses after hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transpl...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283480440
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Cytomegalovirus infection is initiated when tumor necrosis factor binds to the cytomegalovirus receptors of latently infected cells, resulting in the reactivation of the virus and the production of clinical disease of two types: direct infection causing pneumonia, mononucleosis, colitis and other vira...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328285a358
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease represent a unique infection control problem because prions exhibit an unusual resistance to conventional chemical and physical decontamination methods. This paper reviews the recent literature and provides recommendations for the prevention of nosocomi...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200208000-00011
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00