Abstract:
:It was postulated that the perceived association of visual features is based on the synchronization of those neural signals that are activated by a coherent visual object. Two types of synchronized cortical signals were found by us in cat and monkey visual cortex, and were proposed as candidates for feature association: (1) stimulus-locked signals, evoked by transient retinal stimulation, and typically non-rhythmic; (2) oscillatory signals, induced by sustained stimuli, and typically not locked in their oscillation phases to stimulus events. Both types of signals can occur synchronously in those neurons that are activated by a common stimulus. Synchronized activities were found in paired recordings within vertical cortex columns, in separate columns of the same cortical area, and even between different cortical areas or hemispheres. The average phase difference between such common oscillatory events was typically close to zero (< 1 msec mean +/- 2 msec S.D.). For the dependence of synchronization from stimulus and receptive field properties, a preliminary 'rule' can be given: the coherence of fast oscillations in separate cortical assemblies depends inversely on the 'coding distance' between the assemblies' RF properties, but directly on the degree of overlap between the assemblies' respective coding properties and the features of a common stimulus. This means that oscillatory events in any two assemblies, in the same or in different cortical areas or hemispheres, are more closely correlated the more similar are their receptive field properties, and the better a common stimulus activates the assemblies simultaneously. Our results can explain some neural mechanisms of perceptual feature-linking, including mutual enhancement among similar, spatially and temporally dispersed features, definitions of spatial and temporal continuity, scene segmentation, and figure-ground discrimination. We further propose that mutual enhancement and synchronization of cell activities are general principles of temporal coding by assemblies, that are also used within and among other sensory modalities as well as between cortical sensory and motor systems.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Eckhorn Rdoi
10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60556-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
405-26eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(08)60556-7journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Concerted efforts are realizing cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). In this chapter, I describe efforts at the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University. These efforts use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as donor cells. The iPSCs were established as human leukocyte antig...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.004
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local recurrent connections endow the cerebellar cortex with an intrinsic dynamics. We performed computer simulations to predict the frequency bands of the oscillations that will most likely emerge. Feedback inhibition from the Golgi to the granule cells induced 10-50 Hz oscillations, the period at resonance being app...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(04)48015-7
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hand preference is a sensorimotor skill whose development both reflects and promotes the development of hemispheric lateralization for manual and cognitive functions. Extensive comparative, crosscultural, and paleoanthropological evidence demonstrates the prevalence of limb lateralized preferences across vertebrate sp...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.06.007
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytoarchitecture and the histochemistry of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and its afferent and efferent connections to oculomotor structures are described. The functional significance of the afferent connections of the nucleus is discussed in terms of current knowledge of the firing behavior of prepositus neurons i...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)51007-0
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schwann cells (SCs), when implanted in the injured spinal cord, support regeneration of axons, myelinate or ensheathe regenerated axons in a normal way, reduce cyst formation in the injured tissue, reduce secondary damage of tissue around the initial injury site, and modestly improve limb movements. If SC transplantat...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59544-7.00014-7
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chapter reviews a classical Indian model of consciousness found in the Abhidhamma, a collection of seven treatises in the Pali Canon Tipitaka. The model was based on observations made during advanced vipassana practice, a first-person method taught by the Buddha. The climax of the model consists in the elucidation...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)68020-0
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intron-specific probes measure heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) levels and thus approximate the transcription rates of genes, in part because of the rapid turnover of this intermediate form of RNA in the cell nucleus. Previously, we used oxytocin (Oxt)- and vasopressin (Avp)- intron-specific riboprobes to measure changes in ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00404-4
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rebound nystagmus, a common cerebellar sign, is a transient nystagmus that appears on returning to straight-ahead gaze after prolonged eccentric gaze. The slow phases of rebound nystagmus are in the direction of prior eccentric gaze. After eccentric gaze, healthy subjects also show rebound nystagmus when fixation is r...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.040
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When an object partially or completely disappears behind an occluding surface, a representation of that object persists. For example, fragments of no longer visible objects can serve as an input into mid-level constructive visual processes, interacting and integrating with currently visible portions to form perceptual...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.07.010
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibility to chronic tinnitus is highly variable and of particular interest when it comes to defining strategies for prevention and treatment. While several rare monogenic disorders have been described that are associated with tinnitus, the genetic underpinnings of the more common forms of the syndrome are still ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66014-2
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::GABAergic interneurons of the parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking basket cells subtype (PV INs) are important regulators of cortical network excitability and of gamma oscillations, involved in signal processing and cognition. Impaired development or function of PV INs has been associated with epilepsy in various animal ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.012
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecological dynamics approach offers new insights to understand how athlete nervous systems are embedded within the body-environment system in sport. Cognitive neuroscience focuses on the neural bases of athlete behaviors in terms of perceptual, cognitive, and motor functions defined within specific brain structure...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.06.001
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than a decade ago, Goodale and Milner proposed that our perceptual experience of the world depends on visual processing that is fundamentally distinct from that mediating the moment-to-moment visual control of our actions. They mapped this distinction between vision-for-perception and vision-for-action onto the t...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)49019-6
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A computational model of the mammalian spinal cord circuitry incorporating a two-level central pattern generator (CPG) with separate half-center rhythm generator (RG) and pattern formation (PF) networks is reviewed. The model consists of interacting populations of interneurons and motoneurons described in the Hodgkin-...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)65015-2
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present results of a study of torsional eye movements evoked by earth-vertical accelerations along the subject's longitudinal axis. The earth-vertical stimulus leads to a gravito-inertial acceleration vector that changes magnitude but not direction. It can therefore be viewed as a dynamic change of the gravity leve...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00646-8
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When we move our eyes around in real-world scenes, we typically have several peripheral previews of an object before we direct our eyes straight at the object. Numerous studies on transsaccadic memory have investigated whether there is any evidence for the integration of peripheral object information acquired presacca...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(02)40050-7
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a theoretical framework for studying coordination strategies in standing posture. The framework consists of a musculoskeletal model of the human lower extremity in the sagittal plane and a technique to visualize, geometrically, how constraints internal and external to the body affect movement. The set of ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62294-3
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Migraine is among the most common and disabling neurological diseases in the world. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a wave of near-complete depolarization of neurons and glial cells that slowly propagates along the cortex creating the perception of aura. Evidence suggests that CSD can trigger migraine headache....
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.009
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is the most frequent form of acquired persisting fixation nystagmus. It is hypothesized to occur when physiological inhibitory cerebellar input, namely of the flocculus, to the vestibular nuclei is inhibited. The second most frequent form of acquired nystagmus is upbeat nystagmus (UBN). UBN is...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00676-6
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was generally accepted by the early 1960s that proton beam radiosurgery was too complex and impractical. The need was seen for a new machine. The beam design had to be as good as a proton beam. It was also decided that a static design was preferable even if the evolution of that notion is no longer clear. Complex c...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63520-4.00007-7
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past three decades, developmental neurobiologists have made tremendous progress in defining basic principles of brain development. This work has changed the way we think about how brains develop. Thirty years ago, the dominant model was strongly deterministic. The relationship between brain and behavioral dev...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53884-0.00015-4
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injuries often lead to disorders in the control of autonomic function, including problems with blood pressure regulation, voiding, defecation and reproduction. The root cause of all these problems is the destruction of brain pathways that control spinal autonomic neurons lying caudal to the lesion. Changes...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)52001-6
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unresolved issue in visual motion perception is how distinct are the processes underlying 'first-order' and 'second-order' motion. The former is defined by spatio-temporal variations of luminance and the latter by spatio-temporal variations in other image attributes such as contrast or depth, for example. Using neu...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(03)14414-7
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on a review of anatomical and physiological findings, we suggest that the hippocampus may be viewed as a positive feedback device (autoassociator), which is capable of modifying the activity of the neocortical neurons. We examine the three-dimensional organization of evoked and spontaneous physiological patterns...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61255-8
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A dense serotonin (5-HT)-containing projection to the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC) has been demonstrated in diverse mammalian species, but how 5-HT may affect visual signals within these laminae is largely unknown. This study undertook to investigate the distribution of 2 types of 5-HT receptors ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63320-8
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies performed during both waking rest and sleep show that the brain is continually active in distinct patterns that appear to reflect its underlying functional connectivity. In this review, potential sources that contribute to spontaneous fMRI activity will be discussed...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53839-0.00019-3
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of deep brain stimulation in psychiatric disorders has received great interest owing to the small risk of the operation, the reversible nature of the technique, and the possibility of optimizing treatment postoperatively. Currently, deep brain stimulation in psychiatry is investigated for obsessive-compulsive ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17527-1
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::By blocking electrical activity in the cerebellar cortex the Purkinje cell dendrites become a uniform territory with a high density of spines all bearing the glutamate receptor delta2 subunit (GluRdelta2) and being mainly innervated by parallel fibers. Such a subunit, which is constitutively targeted specifically to t...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(04)48005-4
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Tibetan Buddhist classification of mind, its divisions and the system of meditation practices aimed at achieving ideal states of being are a complex presentation of psychological, behavioral and spiritual concepts and processes that demand thorough understanding before assessing their value and outcome (Yeshe, 199...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62160-3
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter reviews the neurological phenotype of Down syndrome (DS) in early development, childhood, and aging. Neuroanatomic abnormalities in DS are manifested as aberrations in gross brain structure as well as characteristic microdysgenetic changes. As the result of these morphological abnormalities, brain circuit...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-54299-1.00006-6
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00