Abstract:
:Magainins are novel polycationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including activity against gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteremia can elicit endotoxic shock that is associated with the increased formation of eicosanoids. Inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis has been shown to improve the outcome of experimental endotoxic shock. The aim of the present study was to test the in vitro effects of two magainin peptides, MSI-97 (M1) and MSI-98 (M2), on eicosanoid synthesis by rat peritoneal macrophages (M phi) stimulated by Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 micrograms/ml) and Salmonella minnesota lipid A (5 micrograms/ml) and to compare their effects on LPS reactivity with a metachromatic dye. M1 (100 micrograms/ml) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced LPS-stimulated synthesis of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), without changing 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in M phi. Similarly, M2 (10 micrograms/ml) significantly attenuated M phi synthesis of TXB2 stimulated by either LPS or lipid A. However, at a higher concentration (100 micrograms/ml), M2 but not M1 significantly augmented LPS-induced increases in TXB2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Polymyxin B (40 micrograms/ml) inhibited LPS production and lipid A-stimulated TXB2 production. M1 (100 micrograms/ml) and polymyxin B (10 and 40 micrograms/ml) also inhibited calcium ionophore A23187 (10 microM)-induced synthesis of TXB2. The lipid A moiety of LPS reacts with dimethylmethylene blue dye, providing a metachromatic assay of LPS. This metachromatic reaction with lipid A was significantly reduced by polymyxin B and M2 at all concentrations. M1 was effective only at the highest M1:lipid A concentration ratio (2:1). Thus, M1 and M2 share some similarities with polymyxin B in inhibiting lipid A reactivity with the dye, which suggests that these magainins may also bind to lipid A. However, M1 was devoid of any inhibitory effects on dye reactivity with S. enteritidis LPS and M2 was inhibitory at only one concentration ratio (1:5). In conclusion, the varied effects of the magainin peptides on LPS, lipid A, and M phi eicosanoid synthesis appear to depend on the type of peptide used and on its concentration.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Matera G,Cook JA,Geisel J,Ashton SH,Wise WC,Focá A,Berkowitz BA,Halushka PVdoi
10.1128/aac.37.3.393subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-03-01 00:00:00pages
393-7issue
3eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
37pub_type
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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abstract::Methionine gamma-lyase, the enzyme which catalyzes the single-step conversion of methionine to alpha-ketobutyrate, ammonia, and methanethiol, is highly active in many anaerobic pathogenic microorganisms but has no counterpart in mammals. This study tested the hypothesis that this pathogen-specific enzyme can be exploi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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doi:10.1128/AAC.45.6.1743-1745.2001
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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更新日期:1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linezolid is the first member of the oxazolidinones and is active against drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Additionally, linezolid shows an immunomodulatory effect, such as inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production. In this study, we examined the ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.7.3.370
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.48.4.1384-1396.2004
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.40.8.1835
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.38.5.1004
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A basic, random copolymer of l-ornithine and l-leucine (OL; molar ratios 1:1) was bactericidal to a sensitive (S) strain of Staphylococcus aureus at low concentration. Resistant cells (R) were selected from the culture medium and, after serial transfers to solutions containing increasing amounts of the polymer, grew w...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.5.2.179
更新日期:1974-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance rate of 5.9% is reported in 205 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients presenting to field clinics in Karachi, Pakistan (2006 to 2009). FQ resistance among multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains was 11.1% (5/45), and it was 4.9% (5/103) in M. tuberculosis strains susceptible to ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00931-10
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.7.1426
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2002, the first two clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) containing vanA were recovered in Michigan and Pennsylvania. Tn1546, a mobile genetic element that encodes high-level vancomycin resistance in enterococci, was present in both isolates. With PCR and DNA sequence analysis, we ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.1.470-472.2005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of a selected tripeptide, Z-d-Phe-Phe-Arg(NO(2)) (SV-4814) on the kinetics of lysis of green monkey erythrocytes by measles virus hemolysin suggested conditions of competitive inhibition. SV-4814 prevented not only hemoglobin release, but also the preceding leakage of K(+) through the cell membrane. The cap...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.5.4.426
更新日期:1974-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans via the food chain and is prevalent in chickens, a natural reservoir for this pathogenic organism. Due to the importance of macrolide antibiotics in clinical therapy of human campylobacteriosis, development of macrolide resistance in Campylobacter...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.05516-11
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更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.14.5.704
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.33.6.820
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a means of gaining information on the selectivity of quinolone antibacterial agents, we examined their effect on four topoisomerases, topoisomerases I and II purified from Escherichia coli and calf thymus. The inhibition of supercoiling and relaxation activities was monitored by using the classical gel electrophore...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.34.10.1955
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetic data on potassium release from and killing of Candida albicans by the four polyene antibiotics amphotericin B, amphotericin B methyl ester hydrochloride, nystatin, and nystatin methyl ester hydrochloride are presented. The nystatins were relatively more effective than the amphotericins in causing potassium rel...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.13.6.914
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A disk bioassay for determining clindamycin serum levels is presented. This method is rapid (results available in 6.0 to 6.5 h), reliable, and simple to perform. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.5.5.458
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using J774 macrophages, the intracellular activities of gentamicin, azithromycin, telithromycin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and oritavancin (LY333328) against Staphylococcus aureus (strain ATCC 25923) have been quantitatively assessed in a 24-h model. S. aureus was positively localized in phagolysosomes by confocal ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.47.7.2283-2292.2003
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophage therapy of bacterial infections has received renewed attention owing to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. A side effect of many antibiotics as well as of phage therapy with lytic phage is the release of cell wall components, e.g., endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria, which med...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.48.10.3817-3822.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00