Abstract:
:Metronidazole is now being used with increasing frequency for various infectious conditions in patients with renal failure. It is commonly administered to septic patients who have developed acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. The hemodialysis clearances of metronidazole and its metabolites were evaluated in nine renal failure patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The mean +/- standard deviation clearance and the extraction ratio were 106.9 +/- 16.3 ml/min and 0.65 +/- 0.08, respectively, when regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane was used. The clearance and the extraction ratio with the use of cuprophan membrane were 72.1 +/- 17.3 ml/min and 0.44 +/- 0.12, respectively. The clearances and extraction ratios for the metabolites were similar to those of the parent drug. For both metronidazole and the hydroxy metabolite, the clearance and the extraction ratio demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the regenerated cellulose membrane and the cuprophan membrane. In summary, metronidazole and its metabolites were found to be highly dialyzable with different clearances depending on the specific type of membrane used. However, owing to the relatively wide therapeutic index of the drug, dosage supplementation may be necessary only in seriously ill patients to ensure therapeutic effect.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Lau AH,Chang CW,Sabatini Sdoi
10.1128/aac.29.2.235subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-02-01 00:00:00pages
235-8issue
2eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin active against many multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens. We examined the resistance mechanisms in 12 Acinetobacter baumannii strains with cefiderocol MICs ranging from ≤0.03 to >32 μg/ml. Cefiderocol resistance could not be explained by β-lactamase activity. Cef...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01221-20
更新日期:2020-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum populations from 20 young, healthy children were examined for beta-lactamase production. Ten children (50%) harbored, altogether, 25 beta-lactamase-positive F. nucleatum isolates that were identified as F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, and F. nucleatum subsp....
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.5.1270
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are essential effectors of innate immunity, acting as a first line of defense against bacterial infections. Many AMPs exhibit high affinity for cell wall structures such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent endotoxin able to induce sepsis. Hence, understanding how AMPs can i...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.06107-11
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have seen the rapid advancement of new therapeutic agents against hepatitis C virus (HCV) in response to the need for treatment that is unmet by interferon (IFN)-based therapies. Most antiviral drugs discovered to date are small molecules that modulate viral enzyme activities. In the search for highly sel...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01206-09
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The time course of plasma drug levels and urinary recovery for two lipopeptide antifungal antibiotics, L-671,329 and cilofungin, were measured in male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and in female DBA/2 mice. The antibiotics were administered intravenously at 10 mg/kg of body weight in phosphate-buffered saline-26% po...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.3.607
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The global dissemination and increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative organisms have resulted in acute public health concerns. Here, we present a retrospective multicenter study on molecular characterization of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing clinical Escherichia coli isolates recovered from ext...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01345-16
更新日期:2016-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Miloxacin, a synthetic antibacterial agent structurally related to oxolinic acid, has a broad spectrum of activity in vitro against gram-negative bacteria and considerable activity in vivo against infections with these bacteria. These observations led to studies on the absorption and excretion of miloxacin in mice, ra...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.18.1.41
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibacterial agents disrupt the ecological balance of the normal human microflora. Tigecycline, a member of a new class of antibiotics (glycylcyclines), has been shown to have a potent broad-spectrum activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The aim of the study was to inve...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00373-06
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viridin B, a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus mitis, copurified with the alpha-hemolysin after ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The bacteriocin and hemolysin were separated in some instances by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50, but the two substanc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.15.3.436
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro susceptibility of 409 clinical isolates to HR 810, a new cephalosporin, was evaluated and compared with their susceptibility to aztreonam, cefazolin, ceftazidime, imipenem, moxalactam, piperacillin, and gentamicin. On a weight basis, the activity of HR 810 against gram-negative bacilli was equivalent or s...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.26.2.277
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ofloxacin, a potent quinolone antibacterial agent, has a tricyclic ring structure with a methyl group attached to the asymmetric carbon at the C-3 position on the oxazine ring. The S isomer (DR-3355) of ofloxacin has antibacterial activity up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of the R isomer (DR-3354). This d...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.40.8.1775
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the population pharmacokinetics of high-dose continuous-infusion (HDCI) meropenem in a cohort of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) infections. Monte Carlo simulations were used to define the permissible HDCI meropenem regimens that could be saf...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00794-17
更新日期:2017-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::The lfrA gene of Mycobacterium smegmatis encodes an efflux pump which mediates resistance to different fluoroquinolones, cationic dyes, and anthracyclines. The deletion of the lfrR gene, coding for a putative repressor and localized upstream of lfrA, increased the lfrA expression. In this study, reverse transcription-...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00656-06
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five patients with chronic hepatitis B were treated with 8-day courses of leukocyte (alpha) interferon (5 X 10(6) U/day) and with 8-day courses of recombinant fibroblast (betaser) interferon at dosages of 5 X 10(6), 35 X 10(6), and 105 X 10(6) U/day. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication as evidenced by a decrea...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.29.1.122
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have evaluated the efficacy of posaconazole (PSC), voriconazole (VRC), and amphotericin B (AMB) in a murine model of systemic infection by Cryptococcus gattii using immunocompromised animals and three clinical strains of the fungus. AMB was the most effective drug in prolonging the survival of mice and also in redu...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00172-10
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A potential strategy that can be used to combat the worldwide AIDS epidemic is the development of a vaginal microbicide that prevents the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Certain CC chemokines, including RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, might facilitate the development of such micr...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.50.4.1497-1509.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspergillus flavus is the second most significant pathogenic cause of invasive aspergillosis; however, its emergence risks and mechanisms of voriconazole (VRC) resistance have not yet been elucidated in detail. Here, we demonstrate that repeated exposure of A. flavus to subinhibitory concentrations of VRC in vitro cau...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01216-18
更新日期:2018-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::The aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes present in the first 120 clinical isolates harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases isolated in Spain were studied. Most of these isolates (84%) were gentamicin resistant. The enzymes most frequently associated and cotransferred with SHV-2 or TEM-type beta-lactamases were AAC(3)...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.11.2536
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aminoglycoside 2″-phosphotransferases are the major aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci. We describe a novel aminoglycoside 2″-phosphotransferase from the Gram-negative pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, which shares 78% amino acid sequence identity with the APH(2″)-Ia do...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02049-12
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to characterize a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that belongs to the TEM family, the TEM-149 enzyme, and that was isolated from the urine of two hospitalized patients from different hospitals in southern Italy. The peculiarity of this enzyme was the finding of a valine residue at posi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01028-07
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Azole antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is a worldwide concern. As in most public hospitals in Brazil, antifungal susceptibility tests are not routinely performed for filamentous fungi at our institution. A 4-year retrospective azole antifungal resistance screening revealed two azole-resistant A. fumigatu...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02059-19
更新日期:2020-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro susceptibilities of 11 strains of Chlamydia pneumoniae to azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, L-oflaxacin, and doxycycline were determined. Clarithromycin was the most active agent tested, with an MIC for 90% of strains and minimal chlamydiacidal concentration for 90% of strains of 0.03 microns/ml...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.7.1573
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colistin is increasingly used as a salvage therapy for nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. However, the available pharmacokinetic (PK) data for colistin are limited to guide dosing. The aim of this study was to develop a...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00271-13
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Miconazole, a broad-spectrum antimycotic agent with some antibacterial activity, has recently become available for experimental parenteral use in the United States. Its efficacy as an anticandidal drug was tested in adult Wistar rats. A previously established infectious dose of 5 x 10(6)Candida albicans was intravenou...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.13.2.321
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactation studies are necessary evaluations of medications for reproductive-age women. We evaluated pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, safety, and adherence profiles associated with 7 days of 1% tenofovir (TFV) vaginal gel use during lactation. Tenofovir levels (maternal/infant serum, milk) and anti-HIV activity...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00645-16
更新日期:2016-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Infection is one of the most important causes of titanium implant failure in vivo A developing prophylactic method involves the immobilization of antibiotics, especially vancomycin, onto the surface of the titanium implant. However, these methods have a limited effect in curbing multiple bacterial infections due to an...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01766-16
更新日期:2016-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::It was previously found that certain nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) possess virucidal activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and it was suggested that the tight-binding mode of inhibition of reverse transcriptase might be important for this virucidal activity (Borkow et a...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.46.6.1851-1856.2002
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::As increasing numbers of colistin-resistant bacteria emerge, new therapies are urgently needed to treat infections caused by these pathogens. The discovery of new combination therapies is one important way to solve such problems. Here, we report that the antitumor drug PFK-158 and its analogs PFK-015 and 3PO can exert...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00271-19
更新日期:2019-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Doripenem, a parenteral carbapenem, exhibited high affinity for penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) and PBP3 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and PBP2 in Escherichia coli, the primary PBPs whose inhibition leads to cell death. This PBP affinity profile correlates with the broad-spectrum gram-negative activity observed with d...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01529-07
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium ulcerans causes Buruli ulcer, a potentially disabling ulcerative skin disease. Only recently was antimicrobial therapy proven effective. Treatment for 2 months with rifampin plus streptomycin was first proposed after experiments in the mouse footpad model demonstrated bactericidal activity. This treatmen...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01260-10
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00