Abstract:
CONTEXT:Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone), an anthraquinone derivative from the rhizome of Rheum palmatum L., can inhibit the activation of P2X₇ receptors (P2X₇R) as a potential antagonist. However, the effects of emodin on P2X₇R-related inflammatory processes remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to investigate the effects of emodin on different inflammation responses of macrophages induced by ATP, the natural ligand of P2X₇R. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Rat peritoneal macrophages were treated with millimolar ATP and emodin (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 µM) or brilliant blue G (BBG, 0.1, 1, 10 µM). Cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]c) was detected by fluorescent Ca²⁺ imaging. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release was measured by rat IL-1β ELISA kits. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was examined by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescent staining. Phagocytic activity was tested by neutral red uptake assay. RESULTS:We found that the [Ca²⁺](c) increase evoked by ATP (5 mM) was inhibited by emodin, in a dose-dependent manner with IC₅₀ of 0.5 μM. Furthermore, emodin reduced the IL-1β release induced by ATP (2 mM) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages, with an IC₅₀ of 1.6 μM. Emodin also strongly suppressed the ROS production and phagocytosis attenuation triggered by ATP (1 mM), with IC₅₀ values of 1 μM and 0.7 μM, respectively. Besides, BBG, a specific antagonist of P2X₇R, exhibited similar suppressive effects on these inflammation responses. CONCLUSION:These results showed the inhibitory effects of emodin on ATP-induced [Ca²⁺](c) increase, IL-1β release, ROS production and phagocytosis attenuation in rat peritoneal macrophages, by inhibiting the activation of P2X₇R.
journal_name
Pharm Bioljournal_title
Pharmaceutical biologyauthors
Zhu S,Wang Y,Wang X,Li J,Hu Fdoi
10.3109/13880209.2013.810648subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
51-7issue
1eissn
1388-0209issn
1744-5116journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract:CONTEXT:Plants and most of the plant-derived compounds have long been known for their potential pharmaceutical effects. They are well known to play an important role in the treatment of several diseases from diabetes to various types of cancers. Today most of the clinically effective pharmaceuticals are developed from ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2014.942788
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Sepsis continues to be a significant problem for critical care patients. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the protective effects of IgM-enriched immunoglobulin and erythropoietin on pulmonary and small intestine tissues in a rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis induced via the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method. MA...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2014.910535
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clitoria ternatea , commonly known as Shankpushpi, is widely used in the traditional Indian system of medicine as a brain tonic and is believed to promote memory and intelligence. We examined the effectiveness of alcoholic extracts of aerial and root parts of C. ternatea at 300 and 500 mg/kg doses orally in rats in at...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/1388-0209(200001)3811-BFT051
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Tranexamic acid is commonly used for curing abnormal bleeding in a variety of diseases. In a previous study, 12 different tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine derivatives were synthesized from the amine group of tranexamic acid. Their antifibrinolytic and antimicrobial activities were compared with tranexamic acid. ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13880209.2017.1296000
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Context Pelargonium sidoides DC (Geraniaceae) is an important medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa and Lesotho. Previous studies have shown that root extracts are rich in polyphenolic compounds with antibacterial, antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. Little is known regarding the anticancer properties of P...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2015.1129545
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Context: Puerarin and triptolide are sometimes used together for the treatment of disease in Chinese clinics; however, the drug-drug interaction between puerarin and triptolide is still unknown. Objective: This study investigates the effects of puerarin on the pharmacokinetics of triptolide in rats and clarifies its m...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13880209.2019.1626448
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Despite phytochemical studies of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (Rosaceae), the antidiabetic effects of this plant are unknown. OBJECTIVE:This study characterizes the isolated compounds from the aerial parts of A. pilosa and evaluates their PTP1B and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Ethanol...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2015.1048372
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Context: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Oxidative stress participates in development and progression of DM, in which changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were noted in DM mice. Berberine has been widely used as an a...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2013.839714
更新日期:2013-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (Celastraceae) seed aqueous extract on learning and memory was studied using elevated plus maze and passive avoidance test (sodium nitrite induced amnesia rodent model). The aqueous seed extract was administered orally in two different doses to rats (350 and 1050 mg/kg) and t...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903127391
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Silymarin, a flavonolignan from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae), has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it may be worthwhile to study the effect of silymarin on wound healing. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of silymarin on human fibroblast cells in an in...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2012.721789
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl (Asteraceae), popularly known as Japana, is widely used in folk medicine, due its analgesic, anticoagulant, antianorexic, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, sedative, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. OBJECTIVE:The present study evaluated the chemical composition and antimicrobial...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2014.948634
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Context: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was widely used in treating human malignancies. However, side effects and chemoresistance remains the major obstacle.Objective: To verify whether natural borneol (NB) can enhance cisplatin-induced glioma cell apoptosis and explore the mechanism.Materials and methods: Cytotoxicity ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13880209.2019.1703756
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss. (Apiaceae) (FASB) is used to treat liver diseases and has been used both as food and therapeutics by many cultures for thousands of years because of the natural antioxidant compounds. OBJECTIVE:This study determines antioxidant properties of FASB flowers, the levels of mine...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1270974
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC (Rutaceae) is a shrub, traditionally used to treat anemia, rheumatism, as an anthelmintic, febrifuge and vermifuge, for jaundice, and liver complaints. OBJECTIVE:This study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of G. pentaphylla against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in S...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.501084
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Salvicine is a pharmacologically active derivative from Chinese medicinal plant Salvia prionitis Hance (Labiatae). It has been reported that salvicine inactivates β1 integrin and inhibits integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin. Given the emerging correlation between integrins and angiogenesis, we propos...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2013.776612
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:To date, there are no reports to validate the Indian traditional and folklore claims of Artemisia maderaspatana L. (syn. Grangea maderaspatana L.) (Asteraceae) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE:The present study characterizes the volatile components (non-polar compounds) of A. maderaspatana a...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2014.1001405
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Recent studies have shown compound Danshen dripping pills (CDDP) could improve microcirculation in ischemic/reperfusion injury and other microvascular disorders. The mechanism for CDDP's role in microcirculation is not clear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effects of CDDP on microvascular dysfunction. MA...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13880209.2020.1790619
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Growing adipose tissue is thought to require adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Close examination of developing adipose tissue microvasculature reveals that angiogenesis often precedes adipogenesis. Since our previous study demonstrated that Ob-X, the anti-angiogenic herbal c...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.547208
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Glutathione reductase (GR, NADPH:oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). GR is a crucial enzyme in the antioxidant system by maintaining reduced glutathione (GSH). Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, gl...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.533187
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Millettia barteri (Benth.) Dunn (Fabaceae) is an African medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat many diseases. This species, as well as other Mellettia species, has been of interest to researchers because of their wide range of traditional uses. OBJECTIVE:Phytochemical, antimicrobial and 2,2-diphenyl-1...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2011.579618
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several drugs of herbal origin are known to possess anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. In a recent study, we showed that extracts from Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) (Eh) demonstrated anxiolytic effects in rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress (CIS) but not in rats that underwent forced swim stress (...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903188534
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Cardioprotective effects of various plants are generally attributed to their antioxidant activity. The whole fruit extract of pomegranate (WFEP), Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae), has a potent antioxidant activity. OBJECTIVE:To investigate cardioprotective effect of WFEP against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardio...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.517758
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Several plant-derived natural products have been used in clinical phase for applications in neurological, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases. Arbutus andrachne L. (Ericacea) is an evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean region. Traditionally, the fruits and leaves of Arbutus tree are well known and u...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2015.1100638
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viscum angulatum Heyne ex DC (Viscaceae) is a leafless hemiparasitic shrub traditionally used in Asian countries for the treatment of hypertension. In the present study, the methanol extract of the whole plant was examined for diuretic activity in rats. The activity was evaluated using parameters such as urine volume ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903150427
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:For years, natural products from microbes have been used as drugs. Endophytes are the most important fungi that produce many novel metabolites for potential use in pharmacology and agriculture. OBJECTIVE:The objective of the present study was to explore new endophytes for novel natural products. MATERIALS AND...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2014.910673
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Different parts of Punica granatum Linn. (Punicaceae) are traditionally used as renal protective agents in the Indian system of medicine. However, there is paucity of information regarding its role in diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:The present study investigates the nephroprotective potential of flavonoid-ric...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2014.910533
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Eryngium maritimum L. and the endemic Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. of the Apiaceae family are used for antiinflammatory, antivenom, antinociceptive and diuretic purposes in folk medicine in Turkey. OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of the plant extracts belonging to Eryngium L. genus on vario...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2013.803208
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis remains a serious public health problem, with nine million cases being reported annually. Treatment with antibiotics is the most effective mechanism to control this disease, although the increase in cases with resistant strains, co-infection with HIV, and the long duration of treatment has established the...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903085490
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Diabetic nephropathy is one of the important microvascular complications of diabetes; however, the main problem remains is the control of progression of nephropathy in diabetes. Chebulic acid was selected, as tannins from Terminalia chebula are used as antidiabetic, renoprotective, antioxidant, hypotensive and ...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2012.698288
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Psoralen and anastrozole are always used together for breast cancer patients in Chinese clinics. OBJECTIVE:This study investigates the effects of psoralen on the pharmacokinetics of anastrozole in rats and its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The pharmacokinetics of orally administered anastrozole (...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13880209.2018.1501584
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00