Abstract：
:Unknown to the Western hemisphere, a Polish scientist, naturalist, anatomist, physiologist, philosopher and optician, Witelo, wrote an important ten volume manuscript, Peri-Optikes, usually cited in the literature as Perspectiva. This classic textbook was first published in 1535 in Nuremberg under the title: Vitellionis mathematici doctissimi ... vulgo Perspectivam vocant libri X, which is translated to English as Perspectiva. It was a vital source of information for such scientists as Leonardo da Vinci, Keppler and others in the next few centuries. Although many of his ideas were similar to Alhazan's, who earlier had written a significant optical manuscript De aspectibus, Witelo developed his own interpretation of many optical issues. He was one of the first scientists to discover spherical aberration of concave lenses and concave mirrors. He was also first to point out "that deflection of the light ray increases with the angle in which they approach two different optical substances and each increase is smaller than the previous one." Until recently, Witelo's achievements and contributions to the understanding of optical and anatomical aspects of the eye and visual function have remained unknown in western literature. Undoubtedly, Witelo should be recognized as the father of physiological optics.
journal_name
Surv Ophthalmoljournal_title
Survey of ophthalmologyauthors
Fryczkowski AW,Bieganowski L,Nye CNdoi
10.1016/s0039-6257(96)80028-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
255-60issue
3eissn
0039-6257issn
1879-3304pii
S0039-6257(96)80028-2journal_volume
41pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract：:The use of intravitreal (IVT) corticosteroids for treatment of posterior segment diseases has increased significantly over the last decade. A commonly recognized complication of IVT steroids is secondary ocular hypertension (OHT) that can occur immediately secondary to direct intraocular volume increase or weeks to mo...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.08.003
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical and pathologic features of 13 patients with biopsy-proven reticulum cell sarcoma of the orbit are reviewed. All of the patients were adults, in contrast to many previous reports that have emphasized how common this tumor is in children. Eight patients presented with proptosis and without prior diagnosis o...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(78)90072-3
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten cases of naturally occurring dendritic keratitis (feline herpes keratitis), which are manifestations of the disease commonly known as feline viral rhinotracheitis, have been identified in domestic cats in San Fancisco. Neonatal, juvenile, and adult forms of the disease are described and their treatment is discusse...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(76)90102-8
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review summarizes recent short-term clinical studies evaluating the ocular hypotensive efficacy of different dose-regimens of latanoprost. When tested in ocular hypertensive and glaucoma patients concomitantly treated with timolol, 0.006% latanoprost given only in the evening, was found to be more effective than ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(97)80011-2
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A common detection and classification system is needed for epidemiologic studies of age-related maculopathy (ARM). Such a grading scheme for ARM is described in this paper. ARM is defined as a degenerative disorder in persons > or = 50 years of age characterized on grading of color fundus transparencies by the presenc...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(05)80092-x
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent clinical trials have changed the management paradigm for diabetic macular edema (DME). There is an urgent need to identify the most effective ways of preventing retinopathy or intervening at an early, asymptomatic stage in order to preserve vision. The rise in the incidence of diabetes is a serious public healt...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.10.002
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glaucomatous optic neuropathy implies loss of retinal ganglion cells, including their axons, and a major tissue remodeling, especially in the optic nerve head. Although increased intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy, there is little doubt that other factors such as ocular blood...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.06.006
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Topically administered ophthalmic medications are capable of attaining clinically important serum concentrations, as evidenced by the variety of systemic side effects they can produce. These drugs are therefore also capable of interacting with other drugs administered orally and intravenously. This is especially impor...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(90)90090-i
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Once we understand that an increase in the size of the optic disk cup is due to loss of optic nerve fibers combined with some physical tissue rearrangements, it is quite clear that cupping begins as soon as nerve loss begins. Methods to detect cupping are more sensitive to the earliest glaucoma damage than are present...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(85)90080-3
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is an autosomally inherited disorder that is associated with the accumulation of mineralized and fragmented elastic fibers in the skin, Bruch's membrane in the retina, and vessel walls. The ophthalmic and dermatologic expression of pseudoxanthoma elasticum and its vascular complications are he...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00053-5
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The court decisions included in this article reflect judicial attitudes towards medicolegal cases in most states. The courts have defined and amplified issues of informed consent, the physician's duty to warn patients and protect third parties, the limitations of the "Good Samaritan" statute, the responsibility of the...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(87)90071-3
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The definition of glaucoma has changed over the decades from a simple ocular pressure disease to a systemic disorder of multivariate etiology. Glaucoma may be defined for the individual eye as a chronic ocular disease with various underlying pathophysiologic disorders. However, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is s...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.08.024
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to the original and highly popular instrument designed by Goldmann, three other projection perimeters are now available. Features of the Goldmann, Topcon, Marco and Rodenstock machines are examined and compared. ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(75)90005-3
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) in low tension glaucoma (LTG) has been investigated. The POBF was measured using the Ocular Blood Flow system of Langham in undisturbed eyes and repeated at IOP increments of about 5 and 10 mmHg in 20 patien...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(94)90064-7
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a major cause of blindness worldwide. It is a disease of ocular anatomy that is related to pupillary-block and angle-crowding mechanisms of filtration angle closure. Eyes at increased risk for primary angle-closure are small with decreased axial length, anterior chamber depth, and fil...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.12.002
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 20-year-old Hispanic man with Down syndrome presented with progressively worsening headache, fluctuating decreased vision, and bilateral optic disk edema. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed an empty sella, and magnetic resonance venography showed thrombosis of left transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Catheter...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.10.005
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 55-year-old man with a history of mantle cell lymphoma reported acute blurred vision in the right eye. Although initially diagnosed with acute retrobulbar optic neuritis, 3 weeks later retinal infiltrates and vitritis developed, but vitrectomy resulted negative for vitreoretinal lymphoma. Further investigation revea...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.05.006
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:William Ellergy Briggs was California's preeminent ophthalmologist for more than fifty years. A student of Ernst Fuchs, he was a clinician, scholar, and innovator who transplanted the best of European ophthalmology to the Western United States. ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(90)90029-u
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early diagnosis of glaucoma is critical to prevent permanent structural damage and irreversible vision loss. Detection of glaucoma typically relies on examination of structural damage to the optic nerve combined with measurements of visual function. To aid the clinician in evaluation of visual function and structure, ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.08.003
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sports-related eye injuries pose a substantial and preventable problem. Ophthalmologists, by educating their patients regarding the risks of eye injuries in various sports and the benefits availability of protective equipment, have the potential to prevent injury to well over 100,000 eyes each year. General guidelines...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(80)90075-2
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 37-year-old woman experienced painless, progressive vision loss to no light perception in the left eye over the course of 3 days. The right eye was unaffected. On examination, the only other abnormal finding was a +4 left afferent pupillary defect. She was initially diagnosed with retrobulbar optic neuritis and admi...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.02.012
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the histopathological and psychophysical studies in glaucoma reveal a preferential damage to the magnocellular (M) pathway although a few of them support a damage to the parvocellular (P) pathway as well. In glaucoma, the visual fields are usually evaluated by conventional perimetry. However, it has been demon...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00401-0
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of its uniqueness, the eye has long been a favored site for immunological study. It is a highly active tissue immunologically, with virtually all types of immune reactions present. This article reviews the ocular immune response, chorioretinal diseases with immunologic features, and immunology of ocular tumors...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(81)90155-7
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insertion of glaucoma drainage devices has become a mainstay in the surgical management of multiple forms of glaucoma, and the indications for this procedure continue to expand. A unique clinical challenge in the postoperative care of these devices is the hypertensive phase, a period of postoperative intraocular press...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.10.008
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium is a prominent feature of many chorio-retinal disease processes, the most prevalent of which is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium may or may not be associated with choroidal neovascularization and may be caused by different...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.02.008
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corneal transplant surgeries have a broad range of indications with outcomes largely dependent on surgeon experience. Traditional manual techniques have certain limitations pertaining to the preparation of donor tissue and the recipient bed that might affect the predictability of visual outcomes. Use of lasers for ker...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.01.009
更新日期：2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Glaucoma, primarily a disease of the older population, may affect women of childbearing age. Pregnancy affects the intraocular pressure (IOP) of women with pre-existing glaucoma. Both elevations and reductions of IOP have been reported during pregnancy. Additionally, visual field test results may fluctuate during preg...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.11.008
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A two-year-old full-term boy with a history of an intermittent exotropia presented to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic for routine follow-up. He was found to have a stable sensorimotor examination however dilated funduscopic examination of the right eye was significant for a dim foveal reflex with a new discrete, wh...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.12.003
更新日期：2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, which are formulated as ophthalmic eyedrop preparations, have recently become commercially available for use by ophthalmologists in the United States to inhibit intraoperative miosis during cataract surgery and to prevent postoperative inflammation. In addition, they are available worldwide...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(92)90095-b
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cortical blindness is an uncommon, but dramatic, complication of preeclampsia. We present a case in which diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging played a critical role in determining the etiology of the cortical blindness and its subsequent management. ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2003.08.008
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
