Tonometry through the ages.

abstract：:The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a highly innovative technique which allows for the generation of large amounts of DNA starting from minute quantities obtained from the blood or tissue of a patient. With the increasing knowledge concerning the structure of the human genome and the potential to amplify specific s...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Mastrangelo D,Squitieri N,Bruni S,Hadjistilianou T,Frezzotti R

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Large population-based health administrative databases, clinical registries, and data linkage systems are a rapidly expanding resource for health research. Ophthalmic research has benefited from the use of these databases in expanding the breadth of knowledge in areas such as disease surveillance, disease etiology, he...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Clark A,Ng JQ,Morlet N,Semmens JB

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A ten-day ophthalmology clerkship for third-year medical students is described. The curriculum, detailed in a day-by-day syllabus, sets specific student goals, evaluates attainment of the goals by a pre-post test, utilizes a student-oriented study guide keyed to major textbrooks as core material with slide-tape and vi...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Waring GO 3rd,Harris R,Walters RF,Berris C

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on their mechanism of action, the most frequently used ocular hypertensive agents, the beta-blockers, cannot be assumed to reduce IOP during sleep. The need for drugs that reduce IOP around-the-clock is underscored, however, by the fact that inadequate nocturnal ocular perfusion pressure is considered to be one ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Mishima HK,Kiuchi Y,Takamatsu M,Rácz P,Bito LZ

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal eye movements in the infant or voting child can be congenital or acquired. They may be a result of abnormal early visual development or a sign of underlying neurologic or neuromuscular disease. It is important to be able to detect these abnormalities and to distinguish them from normal but immature eye moveme...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Cassidy L,Taylor D,Harris C

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparison has been made between pars plana lansectomy and intracapsular cataract extraction Pars plana lensectomy has been shown to have many advantages. It is applicable to any age, while intracapsular cataract extraction is restricted to patients over 30 years old. It can be used in any type of cataract, whereas ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Girard LJ

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 30-year-old man presented with painless total visual loss in the right eye. Fundus exam and imaging was consistent with total internal carotid artery occlusion and hemispheric stroke. The presentation and management options of retinal vascular occlusive disease in association with asymptomatic stroke are discussed. ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Kleinberg TT,Uretsky S,Flanders AE,Bilyk JR,Murchison AP

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At the time of the American Revolution, understanding of diseases of the eye was rudimentary, treatment of ocular problems was largely ineffective, and American physicians were highly dependent on their European colleagues for training and development. Knowledge of optics, light and color was somewhat more advanced. T...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Kronfeld PC,Albert DM,O'Connell M

更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 74-year-old woman experienced chronic painless progressive binocular horizontal diplopia for 2 years. Initial examination showed a visual acuity of 20/20 OU. External and slit lamp examination was unremarkable. Orthoptic evaluation showed an incomitant esotropia, a small vertical strabismus, and a large degree of ex...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Gross AW,Vickers A,Lee AG,Chen JJ,Bhatti MT

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in our understanding of the anatomy and physiology of accommodation have contributed to current concepts of the possible constituent factors in presbyopia, largely supplanting the long-held belief that presbyopia is due to sclerosis of the crystalline lens. In this review, the author examines epidemiol...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Weale R

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The determination of average net pulsatile ocular blood flow form measurements of the intraocular pressure (IOP) pulse is based upon 1) an accurate measurement of IOP and its time variation; 2) a knowledge of the relation between the volume of the living eye and its IOP; 3) a physical model for the flow of blood throu...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Silver DM,Farrell RA

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinitis pigmentosa is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders in which there is progressive loss of photoreceptor and pigment epithelial function. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa is between 1/3000 and 1/5000 making it one of the most common causes of visual impairment in all a...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Pagon RA

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is still the most common cause of failure of surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, despite the substantial effort that has been devoted to better understanding and managing this condition during the past 25 years. Basic research has indicated that PVR represents scarring,...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Pastor JC

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 55-year-old man with a history of mantle cell lymphoma reported acute blurred vision in the right eye. Although initially diagnosed with acute retrobulbar optic neuritis, 3 weeks later retinal infiltrates and vitritis developed, but vitrectomy resulted negative for vitreoretinal lymphoma. Further investigation revea...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： De Simone L,Pellegrini F,Cirone D,Cimino L,Falardeau J

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early diagnosis of glaucoma is critical to prevent permanent structural damage and irreversible vision loss. Detection of glaucoma typically relies on examination of structural damage to the optic nerve combined with measurements of visual function. To aid the clinician in evaluation of visual function and structure, ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Sharma P,Sample PA,Zangwill LM,Schuman JS

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are a number of unresolved questions regarding small choroidal melanomas. At what stage in the natural history of these tumors do they develop the capacity to metastasize? What are the effects of various therapeutic modalities on the incidence of metastatic disease? Clinicopathologic studies suggest that patient...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Char DH

更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The abundant data about retinal tears has shown that they are prevalent in the general population and that the vast majority of retinal tears do not lead to retinal detachment. What remains to be clarified are the criteria for identifying the few retinal breaks which require prophylactic surgery to prevent their progr...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Sigelman J

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wavefront sensors and scanning laser technology are enabling the correction of the aberrations of the eye. The effects of aberrations on visual performance are reviewed, and the theoretical limit of visual performance is predicted to understand the ultimate endpoint of these new technologies. A schematic eye model tha...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Schwiegerling J

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The amniotic membrane is the innermost of the three layers forming the fetal membranes. It was first used in 1910 in skin transplantation. Thereafter it has been used in surgical procedures related to the genito-urinary tract, skin, brain, and head and neck, among others. The first documented ophthalmological applicat...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Dua HS,Gomes JA,King AJ,Maharajan VS

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical syndrome of divergence paralysis has been described since the mid 19th century. Speculation still surrounds the possible existence of an anatomical center for divergence function. Our report explores this possibility and describes the magnetic resonance images of a patient with a unilateral 6th nerve pals...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Stern RM,Tomsak RL

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:William Ellergy Briggs was California's preeminent ophthalmologist for more than fifty years. A student of Ernst Fuchs, he was a clinician, scholar, and innovator who transplanted the best of European ophthalmology to the Western United States. ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Mannis MJ

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The practical value of any therapy depends upon a combination of effectiveness of the agent (or procedure) and the extent to which the patient complies in its proper administration. Thus, it might be said that the multiple of effectiveness times compliance equals the "usefulness product." Among the various glaucoma th...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Worthen DM

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 37-year-old woman experienced painless, progressive vision loss to no light perception in the left eye over the course of 3 days. The right eye was unaffected. On examination, the only other abnormal finding was a +4 left afferent pupillary defect. She was initially diagnosed with retrobulbar optic neuritis and admi...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Craenen G,Brown SM,Freedman KA,Windisch TR,Corona J

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of sympathetic ophthalmia are helping to remove the pigmented cloud which has obstructed the view of researchers on this disease for many years. Clinical features, diagnostic testing, histopathologic variations and principles of treatment are evaluated in the context o...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Marak GE Jr

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A common detection and classification system is needed for epidemiologic studies of age-related maculopathy (ARM). Such a grading scheme for ARM is described in this paper. ARM is defined as a degenerative disorder in persons > or = 50 years of age characterized on grading of color fundus transparencies by the presenc...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Bird AC,Bressler NM,Bressler SB,Chisholm IH,Coscas G,Davis MD,de Jong PT,Klaver CC,Klein BE,Klein R

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) is a localized detachment of the sensory retina in the macula which is commonly seen by the general ophthalmologist. However, ICSC with bullous retinal detachment is a rare disease characterized by extensive sensory retinal detachment of the posterior pole and elsewhe...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Mazzuca DE,Benson WE

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scleritis is typically a severe painful inflammatory process centered in the sclera that may involve the cornea, adjacent episclera, and underlying uvea; it poses a significant threat to vision. Careful clinical history taking, detailed ocular examination, appropriate investigation for ocular disease with or without u...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Okhravi N,Odufuwa B,McCluskey P,Lightman S

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a medium-to-large vessel vasculitis with potentially sight- and life- threatening complications. Our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of GCA has advanced rapidly in recent times. The validity of using the American College of Rheumatology guidelines for diagnosis...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Frohman L,Wong AB,Matheos K,Leon-Alvarado LG,Danesh-Meyer HV

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A two-year-old full-term boy with a history of an intermittent exotropia presented to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic for routine follow-up. He was found to have a stable sensorimotor examination however dilated funduscopic examination of the right eye was significant for a dim foveal reflex with a new discrete, wh...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Hennein L,de Alba Campomanes AG,Afshar AR,Robbins SL

更新日期：2020-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Botulinum toxin has become the initial treatment of choice for the management of essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and other craniocervical dystonias. Numerous studies have confirmed a 90% to 95% response rate. Although a number of common side effects have been reported, the occurrence and incidence of rare lo...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Dutton JJ

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00