Abstract：
:Glaucoma, primarily a disease of the older population, may affect women of childbearing age. Pregnancy affects the intraocular pressure (IOP) of women with pre-existing glaucoma. Both elevations and reductions of IOP have been reported during pregnancy. Additionally, visual field test results may fluctuate during pregnancy. In managing the pregnant glaucoma patient with medical therapy, one must consider not only the systemic side effects on the mother, but also any potentially harmful effects on the developing fetus. All anti-glaucoma medications are categorized as class C by the Food and Drug Administration, except brimonidine and nonspecific adrenergic agonists, which belong to class B. In general, the lowest effective dosage of medication should be used. Systemic absorption can be reduced by punctal occlusion, eyelid closure, and blotting the excess drops away during administration. In those patients who need surgery, most local anesthetics may be used safely because they have not been shown to be teratogenic in humans. Antifibrotic agents commonly used adjunctively in trabeculectomy, however, should be avoided. Glaucoma laser procedures, such as laser peripheral iridotomy and laser trabeculoplasty, have been employed without identifiable teratogenic effects or increased risk of side effects for pregnant women.
journal_name
Surv Ophthalmoljournal_title
Survey of ophthalmologyauthors
Razeghinejad MR,Tania Tai TY,Fudemberg SJ,Katz LJdoi
10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.11.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-07-01 00:00:00pages
324-35issue
4eissn
0039-6257issn
1879-3304pii
S0039-6257(10)00220-1journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Ocular hypertension (intraocular pressure greater than or equal to 21 mm Hg, normal visual fields, normal optic discs, open angles, and the absence of any contributing ocular disease) occurs in 4-10% of the population over age 40. The question of whether to treat ocular hypertensive patients remains controversial. The...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(83)90136-4
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D may be implicated in the pathophysiology of several ocular diseases, but its role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains uncertain. We sought to review systematically the existing evidence to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D levels and AMD. A four-database search ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.07.003
更新日期：2020-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrophysiological research on acquired retinal disorders, both common and rare, is reviewed. Age is a major factor influencing electroretinogram (ERG) and electro-oculogram (EOG) findings. Bipolar or Müller cell death in the aging retina could account for much of the amplitude decline that is observed with age. In ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00125-9
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are few records detailing the techniques and tribulations of early American surgeons who dared venture into the treacherous recess of the human orbit. The authors present a recently discovered letter written by a young woman who in 1841 underwent an orbital operation performed by the prominent New York City surg...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(88)90163-4
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 55-year-old woman presented with an eight-year history of progressive gait dysfunction and a 2-3 week history of horizontal diplopia. Examination of the patient revealed acute papilledema, intermittent esotropia, and upper and lower motor neuron findings in her lower extremities. CT scan of the head showed communica...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(94)90176-7
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caspar Stromayr, ophthalmologist and hernia surgeon, is credited with writing the first German ophthalmic work of known authorship. Written in about 1559 as an appendix to Practica Copiosa, a larger work on hernia surgery, the ophthalmic chapters describe Stromayr's thoughts on the etiology and treatment of cataract. ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(90)90072-4
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cortical/cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is the most frequent cause of pediatric visual impairment in developed countries and is increasing in prevalence in developing nations. The most common underlying etiology is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, particularly in premature children. Other causes include seizures, hy...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.03.001
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinitis pigmentosa is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders in which there is progressive loss of photoreceptor and pigment epithelial function. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa is between 1/3000 and 1/5000 making it one of the most common causes of visual impairment in all a...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(88)90085-9
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a medium-to-large vessel vasculitis with potentially sight- and life- threatening complications. Our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of GCA has advanced rapidly in recent times. The validity of using the American College of Rheumatology guidelines for diagnosis...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.01.001
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a feared complication of all types of intraocular surgery. Although rare, it is typically associated with severe visual disability, and this has prompted efforts to better understand the pathogenesis of this condition, to identify the patients at risk for this event, and to improve treatme...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00037-5
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms of lens opacification, and certain nutritional antioxidants are suspected to have a protective effect. To examine the role of these nutritional antioxidants on cataract prevention, we searched major databases and reviewed current evidence regarding the protective effect o...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.03.003
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A ten-day ophthalmology clerkship for third-year medical students is described. The curriculum, detailed in a day-by-day syllabus, sets specific student goals, evaluates attainment of the goals by a pre-post test, utilizes a student-oriented study guide keyed to major textbrooks as core material with slide-tape and vi...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(77)90090-x
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coats'-like changes (i.e., retinal telangiectasia and/or exudative detachment) have been reported in as many as 1.2 to 3.6 percent of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. In severe cases this disorder may progress to total retinal detachment and visual loss in the context of longstanding retinitis pigmentosa. Forty-six...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(88)90094-x
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medication errors are a frequent cause of medical malpractice claims. Because serious injury often results, medication errors can be costly to defend, indemnify or settle. A review of five closed claims involving glucocorticoids, corticosteroids, antibiotics and silver nitrate offers insight into how ophthalmologists ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(95)80031-x
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a relatively new type of laser used in treating open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and is reported to be equally efficacious to a first-line medication and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). We summarize available evidence for considering SLT as an alternative treatment in OAG through s...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.06.006
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Topical treatment of ocular bacterial infection is practiced widely, and the choice of the antibacterial agent depends on the nature of the infection, including the susceptibility of the organism, the tissue affected, and the safety profile of the agent. Moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone approved for...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.05.003
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The growth of the eye results in a myopic shift in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes during childhood. Cataract surgery after the age of 6 months, with or without lens implantation, appears to have little effect on the rate of refractive growth. Most children with pseudophakia have a large amount of myopic shift. This myo...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.07.001
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adjunctive therapy for the management of glaucoma is commonly used. Unfixed combinations of the prostaglandin analog latanoprost and other glaucoma medications have been demonstrated to effectively lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The range of reported additional reductions in IOP compared to a monotherapy baseline a...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00295-3
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) is a localized detachment of the sensory retina in the macula which is commonly seen by the general ophthalmologist. However, ICSC with bullous retinal detachment is a rare disease characterized by extensive sensory retinal detachment of the posterior pole and elsewhe...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(86)90036-6
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoidosis is an uncommon cause of childhood uveitis. However, the ophthalmologist familiar with the clinical features of childhood sarcoidosis can play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Two subsets of pediatric sarcoidosis are identified. The 8-15 year age group has almost universal lung in...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(86)90118-9
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcorneal drug transport is normally limited by the intrinsic permeation characteristics of the corneal epithelium. However, liposomes, i.e., phospholipid vesicles composed of phospholipid membranes, have recently attracted attention as carriers of topically applied agents. The present study therefore describes a q...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(05)80068-2
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 56-year-old woman presented with a unilateral ptosis induced by a nonembedded soft contact lens of approximately 2 years' duration. The unilateral ptosis most likely resulted form localized inflammation and the physical presence of the soft contact lens. The patient's symptoms resolved completely after double lid ev...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(98)00029-0
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With improving surgical technique and equipment, the acceptable age for placing an intraocular lens in infants and children is becoming younger. The tools for predicting intraocular lens power have not necessarily kept up, as current theoretical and regression intraocular lens power prediction formulas are largely bas...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.06.010
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Distinguishing the cause of itching, red eyelids is often difficult. Pruritic, inflamed eyelids can reflect various etiologies and are a common clinical presentation to the office of a dermatologist or ophthalmologist. In this article, five of the more common causes of eyelid dermatitis (atopic dermatitis, contact der...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0039-6257(96)82004-2
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 24-year-old man experienced the sudden onset of a painless superior-temporal visual field defect of the left eye. Fundoscopy showed peripapillary pigmentary changes and a few nasal retinal white spots. Automated perimetry demonstrated an enlarged blind spot. The differential diagnosis of the various presumed inflamm...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.12.003
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Testicular lymphoma is a rare neoplasm of the testis that is most commonly seen in older patients. It metastasizes preferentially to extranodal sites, including the skin, central nervous system, Waldeyer ring, contralateral testis, and lung. Two case reports of patients with a history of testicular lymphoma who develo...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.11.002
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in immunology, particularly ocular immunology, have been accompanied by the emergence of safer, more specific immunosuppressive drugs, notably, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine A, bromocriptine, dapsone, and colchicine. These drugs have become an important, and often es...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(91)90186-j
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the use of special immune and enzymatic histochemical techniques, ocular pathologists are able to detect and localize certain cytoplasmic antigens and proteins in tissue section. An immunoperoxidase stain and special enzyme histochemical technique were used to confirm leukemic ocular involvement in a patient who ...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(86)90081-0
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The abundant data about retinal tears has shown that they are prevalent in the general population and that the vast majority of retinal tears do not lead to retinal detachment. What remains to be clarified are the criteria for identifying the few retinal breaks which require prophylactic surgery to prevent their progr...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0039-6257(80)90149-6
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent clinical trials have changed the management paradigm for diabetic macular edema (DME). There is an urgent need to identify the most effective ways of preventing retinopathy or intervening at an early, asymptomatic stage in order to preserve vision. The rise in the incidence of diabetes is a serious public healt...
journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.10.002
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
