Abstract：
:Ginsenoside (ginseng saponin), the principal component of ginseng, is responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. We isolated lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi using esculin agar, to produce β-glucosidase. We focused on the bio-transformation of ginsenoside. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by comparing the 16S rRNA sequences. We identified the strain as Lactobacillus (strain 6105). In order to determine the optimal conditions for enzyme activity, the crude enzyme was incubated with 1 mM ginsenoside Rb1 to catalyse the reaction. A carbon substrate, such as cellobiose, lactose, and sucrose, resulted in the highest yields of β-glucosidase activity. Biotransformations of ginsenoside Rb1 were analyzed using TLC and HPLC. Our results confirmed that the microbial enzyme of strain 6105 significantly transformed ginsenoside as follows: Rb1→gypenoside XVII, Rd→F2 into compound K. Our results indicate that this is the best possible way to obtain specific ginsenosides using microbial enzymes from 6105 culture.
journal_name
J Ginseng Resjournal_title
Journal of ginseng researchauthors
Kim SH,Min JW,Quan LH,Lee S,Yang DU,Yang DCdoi
10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.291subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-01 00:00:00pages
291-7issue
3eissn
1226-8453issn
2093-4947pii
grosbr-36-291journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Minor saponins or human intestinal bacterial metabolites, such as ginsenosides Rg3, F2, Rh2, and compound K, are more pharmacologically active than major saponins, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1 was studied using enzyme preparations from cultured ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2015.05.007
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Identifying suitable site for growing mountain-cultivated ginseng is a concern for ginseng producers. This study was conducted to evaluate the soil properties of cultivation sites for mountain-cultivated ginseng in Hamyang-gun, which is one of the most well-known areas for mountain-cultivated ginseng in Kore...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2014.06.004
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Panax ginseng Meyer has been used as a nourishing edible herb in East Asia for thousands of years. 25-OH-PPT was first discovered as a natural rare triterpenoid saponin in ginseng stems and leaves by our group. Research found that it showed strong inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phos...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2019.11.002
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Roles of immune reaction and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) have widely been established in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS:We evaluated the biologic efficacy of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), urushiol, and probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) in...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2014.04.002
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Ginsenosides, which are bioactive components in ginseng, can be converted to smaller compounds for improvement of their pharmacological activities. The conversion methods include heating; acid, alkali, and enzymatic treatment; and microbial conversion. The aim of this study was to determine the bioconversion...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.07.004
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Radiotherapy is one of the most important modalities in cancer treatment; however, normal tissue damage is a serious concern. Drug development for the protection or reduction of normal tissue damage is therefore a clinical issue. Herein, we evaluated the protective properties of Panax ginseng Meyer and its c...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.006
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A quick and simple method for simultaneous determination of the 30 ginsenosides (ginsenoside Ro, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(R)-Rg2, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, 20(S)-Rh1, 20(S)-Rh2, 20(R)-Rh2, F1, F2, F4, Ra1, Rg6, Rh4, Rk3, Rg5, Rk1, Rb3, Rk2, Rh3, compound Y, compound K, and notoginsenoside R1) in Panax ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2013.37.457
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Panax ginseng is a traditional herb used for medicinal purposes in eastern Asia. P. ginseng contains various ginsenosides with pharmacological effects. In this study, floralginsenoside A (FGA), ginsenoside Rd (GRD), and ginsenoside Re (GRE) were purified from P. ginseng berry. METHODS:Chemical structures of...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.005
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our results suggested that thermal stress can lead to activation of hippocampal cell damage and reduction of memory-associated molecules in HT22 cells. These findings also provide a part of molecular rationale for the role of ginsenoside Rg5 as a potent cognitive impairment preventive compound in blocking the initiati...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.02.002
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Recently, we identified a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, called gintonin. We showed that gintonin induces [Ca2+]i transient-mediated morphological changes, proliferation, and migration in cells expressing lysophosphatidic acid receptors and that oral administration of gintonin e...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2016.12.007
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue fibrosis is an eventual pathologic change of numerous chronic illnesses, which is characterized by resident fibroblasts differentiation into myofibroblasts during inflammation, coupled with excessive extracellular matrix deposition in tissues, ultimately leading to failure of normal organ function. Now, there a...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.003
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The current typical drying methods for red ginseng are sun drying and hot-air drying. The purpose of this study was to investigate drying characteristics of red ginseng by using far-infrared drying. METHODS:The far-infrared drying tests on red ginseng were conducted at two drying stages: (1) high temperatur...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2015.04.001
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been known to possess many ginsenosides. These ginsenosides are used for curing cardiovascular problems. The present study show the protective potential of KRG against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial dysfunction, by assessing electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and biochemica...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2019.03.002
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we have investigated the effects of total saponin from Korean red ginseng (TSKRG) on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. TSKRG dose-dependently inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 value of about 81.1 μg/mL. In addition, TSKRG dose-dependently decreased thrombin-elevated the leve...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2013.37.176
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a characterized component in red ginseng widely used in Korea and China. GRh2 exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, its effects on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection have not been clarifi...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2019.06.002
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) are the two most recognized ginseng botanicals. It is believed that the ginseng saponins called ginsenosides are the major active constituents in both ginsengs. Although American ginseng is not as extensively studied as Asian ginseng, it is on...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5142/jgr.2010.34.3.160
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Steaming of ginseng is known to change its chemical composition and biological activity. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different steaming time-scales on chemical constituents and antiproliferative activity of Vietnamese ginseng (VG). METHODS:VG was steamed at 105°C for 2-20 h. Its ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2015.01.006
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Despite the large number of studies on ginseng, pharmacological activities of ginseng seed oil (GSO) have not been established. GSO is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, mostly oleic and linoleic acids. Unsaturated fatty acids are known to exert a therapeutic effect in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)....
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.010
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Ginsenosides are known as the principal pharmacological active constituents in Panax medicinal plants such as Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and Notoginseng. Some ginsenosides, especially the 20(R) isomers, are found in trace amounts in natural sources and are difficult to chemically synthesize. The presen...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.09.005
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 into a specific minor ginsenoside using Aspergillus niger KCCM 11239, as well as the identification of the transformed products and the pathway via thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated to develop a new biologically active material. Th...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.008
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ginseng, a perennial plant belonging to the genus Panax of the Araliaceae family, is well known for its medicinal properties that help alleviate pathological symptoms, promote health, and prevent potential diseases. Among the active ingredients of ginseng are saponins, most of which are glycosides of triterpenoid agly...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2014.12.005
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing, with metastasis of newly diagnosed CRC reported in a large proportion of patients. However, the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extracts (KRGE) on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC is unknown. Therefore, we examined the mechanisms by which ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.03.008
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Ginsenoside Rf is a ginseng saponin found only in Panax ginseng that affects lipid metabolism. It also has neuroprotective and antiinflammatory properties. We previously showed that Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by hypoxia via peroxisome proliferator-activated ...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2018.11.007
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:The antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng have been reported in several articles; however, little is known about the antimelanogenesis effect, skin-protective effect, and cellular mechanism of Panax ginseng, especially of P. ginseng calyx. To understand how an ethanol extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-E...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.007
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Black ginseng (BG) has greatly enhanced pharmacological activities relative to white or red ginseng. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of BG on muscle growth has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether BG could regulate myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy. Method...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.08.009
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the aerial parts of hydroponic Panax ginseng are reported to contain higher contents of total ginsenosides than those of roots, the isolation and identification of active metabolites from the aerial parts of hydroponic P. ginseng have not been carried out so far. METHODS:The aerial parts of hydropo...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2014.10.005
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To investigate the effect of pectinase-treated Panax ginseng (GINST) in cellular and male subfertility animal models. METHODS:Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced mouse spermatocyte GC-2spd cells were used as an in vitro model. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. For the in vivo study, GINST (200 mg/kg...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.005
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:The root and rhizome are historically and officially utilized medicinal parts of Panax notoginseng (PN) (Burk.) F. H. Chen, which in raw and steamed forms are used differently in practice. Methods:To investigate the differences in chemical composition and bioactivities of PN root and rhizome between raw and...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.004
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the steaming process on chemical constituents, free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative effect of Vietnamese ginseng. METHODS:Samples of powdered Vietnamese ginseng were steamed at 120°C for various times and their extracts were subjecte...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.015
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:The circadian rhythm is the internal clock that controls sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, cognition, and several processes in the body, and its disruption has been associated with aging. The differentiated embryo chondrocyte (Dec) gene is related to circadian rhythm. To our knowledge, there are no reports of t...
journal_title：Journal of ginseng research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.003
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
