Abstract:
:Brain plasticity is an intrinsic characteristic of the nervous system that allows continuous remodeling of brain functions in pathophysiological conditions. Although normal aging is associated with morphological modifications and decline of cerebral functions, brain plasticity is at least partially preserved in elderly individuals. A growing body of evidence supports the notion that cognitive enrichment and aerobic training induce a dynamic reorganization of higher cerebral functions, thereby helping to maintain operational skills in the elderly and reducing the incidence of dementia. The stroke model clearly shows that spontaneous brain plasticity exists after a lesion, even in old patients, and that it can be modulated through external factors like rehabilitation and drugs. Whether drugs can be used with the aim of modulating the effects of physical training or cognitive stimulation in healthy aged people has not been addressed until now. The risk:benefit ratio will be the key question with regard to the ethical aspect of this challenge. We review in this article the main aspects of human brain plasticity as shown in patients with stroke, the drug modulation of brain plasticity and its consequences on recovery, and finally we address the question of the influence of aging on brain plasticity. :La plasticidad cerebral es una característica intrínseca del sistema nervioso que permite una continua remodelación de las funciones cerebrales en situaciones físiopatológicas. Aunque el envejecimiento normal está asociado con cambios morfológicos y una declinación de las funciones cerebrales, en sujetos de edad avanzada la plasticidad del cerebro se mantiene parcialmente, Cada vez hay mayor evidencia que sustenta la noción que el enriquecimiento cognitivo y el entrenamiento aeróbico inducen una reorganización dinámica de las funciones cerebrales superiores, con lo que ayudan a mantener las habilidades operadonales en el anciano y reducen la incidencia de demencia. Claramente el modelo de accidente cerebro vascular muestra que la plasticidad cerebral espontánea se produce después de la lesión, inclusive en pacientes de edad avanzada y que puede ser modulada a través de factores externos como la rehabilitación y los fármacos, Hasta la fecha no se han identificado fármacos que puedan ser empleados con el objetivo de modular los efectos del entrenamiento físico o de la estimulación cognítiva en ancianos sanos, La relación riesgo:benefícío será la pregunta clave respecto a los aspectos éticos de este desafío. En este artículo se revisan los aspectos principales de la plasticidad cerebral humana como se observa en pacientes con accidentes cerebro vasculares, la modulación por fármacos de la plasticidad neuronal y sus consecuencias en la recuperación, y finalmente se aborda la pregunta acerca de la influencia del envejecimiento en la plasticidad cerebral. :La plasticité cérébrale est une caractéristique propre du système nerveux central qui permet un remodelage permanent de son activité à la fois dans des conditions physiologiques et au cours des maladies neurologiques. Bien que le vieillissement s'accompagne de modifications de structure et d'une diminution des performances cognitives, les capacités de plasticité restent au moins partiellement conservées chez le sujet âgé. Un faisceau d'arguments préclinique et clinique plaide pour un rôle majeur des stimulations cognitives et physiques dans le maintien des fonctions cognitives au cours du vieillissement. Le « modèle » de l'accident vasculaire cérébral démontre clairement que le cerveau âgé est capable de se réorganiser après une lésion unique aiguë et focale et que cette réorganisation peut être modulée par des facteurs externes tels que la rééducation et certains médicaments. On ne sait pas encore si les médicaments sont capables de moduler les effets des stimulations physique et cognitive. Les aspects éthiques et le rapport bénéfice-risque seront au coeur du débat. Nous traitons dans cet article les différents aspects de la plasticité cérébrale que l'accident vasculaire cérébral a permis de décrire, nous envisageons l'action des médicaments sur la plasticité cérébrale post-lésionnelle et la récupération fonctionnelle et nous évoquons l'influence du vieillissement sur les capacités du cerveau humain à se reconfigurer lorsqu'il est lésé.
journal_name
Dialogues Clin Neuroscijournal_title
Dialogues in clinical neuroscienceauthors
Chollet Fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
67-76issue
1eissn
1294-8322issn
1958-5969journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Every human is unique. We differ in our genomes, environment, behavior, disease history, and past and current medical treatment-a complex catalog of differences that often leads to variations in the way each of us responds to a particular therapy. We argue here that true personalization of drug therapies will rely on ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with cancer and depression experience more physical symptoms, have poorer quality of life, and are more likely to have suicidal thoughts or a desire for hastened death than are cancer patients who are not depressed. Despite the ubiquity of depressive symptoms in cancer patients at the end of life, critical qu...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is still a condition with obscure causes and psychopathology. This paper aims to discuss the "disconnectivity" hypothesis in relation to some neurological conditions which are known to alter brain connectivity, as well as mimicking some aspects of the disorder. After a short historical introduction to th...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 2% of the populations of children and adults. Family aggregation studies have demonstrated that OCD is familial, and results from twin studies demonstrate that the familiality is due in part to genetic factors. Only three ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased physician prescribing of opioids to treat chronic nonprogressive pain has been accompanied by an increase in opioid addiction. Twin studies of opioid addiction are consistent with an inherited component of risk, approximately 50%. Several genome-wide association study (GWAS) reports indicate that genetic ris...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional categorical classification system and new diagnostic systems will be discussed in this issue. . :Mettre la traduction ES. :Mettre la traduction FR. ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.1/fthibaut
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As one of the most common neurological disorders, epilepsy has devastating behavioral, social, and occupational consequences and is associated with accumulating brain damage and neurological deficits. Epilepsy comprises a large number of syndromes, which vary greatly with respect to their etiology and clinical feature...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Illustrating the complexity of the stress response and its multifaceted manifestations is the leading idea of this overview of experimental paradigms used for stress induction in laboratory animals. The description of key features of models based on naturalistic stressors, pharmacological challenges, and genomic manip...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Partial remission from depression, with residual symptoms, is an important problem in depression. This paper reviews the frequency and features of this outcome, and its association with relapse. Residual symptoms occur in many depressed patients after acute treatment. They span the typical symptoms of depression, exce...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The validity of diagnostic definitions in psychiatry is directly related to the extent to which their etiology can be specified. However, since detailed knowledge of causal or susceptibility factors is lacking for most psychiatric disorders with a known or suspected familial-genetic origin, the current widely accepted...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major public health concern. Despite tremendous advances, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with MDD are still unclear. Moreover, a significant number of MDD subjects do not respond to the currently available medication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs tha...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol dependence (alcoholism) is a complex disorder attributed to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that form a collage of "disease" predisposition, which is not identical for every alcohol-dependent individual. There is considerable evidence to demonstrate that genetic predisposition accounts for...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impairment of cognitive function is the central feature of dementia. Although, clinically, the cognitive deficit most often manifests itself as memory problems, a number of other areas of cognition are affected, and memory is but one of the cognitive skills compromised in dementia. Dementia with Lewy bodies, for examp...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of biological markers in the clinical management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will not only improve diagnosis relating to early detection of neuropathology with underlying molecular mechanisms, but also provides tools for the assessment of objective treatment benefits. In this review, we identify a num...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacogenomic developments hold promise for personalized medicine in psychiatry with adjusted therapeutic doses, predictable responses, reduced adverse drug reactions, early diagnosis, and personal health planning. The prospects are exciting, but at the same time, these new techniques stand faced with important scie...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depressive disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide and greatly impact morbidity, health care utilization, and medical costs. Major depression that does not resolve with adequate antidepressant treatment is termed treatment-resistant depression (TRD), There is no universally accepted definition of TRD and...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is not considered addictive, and in animals it does not trigger metabolic increases or dopamine release in brain areas involved in reinforcement and reward. Our objective was to measure caffeine effects on cerebral perfusion in humans using single photon emission computed tomography with a specific focus on a...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An evidence-based review of nonpharmacological treatments for anxiety disorders is presented. The vast majority of the controlled research is devoted to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and shows its efficiency and effectiveness in all the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mental disorders represent a significant public health burden worldwide due to their high prevalence, chronically disabling nature, and substantial impact on quality of life. Despite growing knowledge of the pathological mechanisms that underlie the development of these disorders, a high percentage of patients do not ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/pfadda
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has become increasingly clear that males and females differ even more dramatically than we previously thought. Not only do they exhibit differing responses to stress and environmental experience, but they can also respond in opposite directions. In rats, it has been shown that exposure to an acute stressful event c...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Late-life depression (LLD) is a growing public and global health concern with diverse clinical manifestations and etiology. This literature review summarizes neuroimaging findings associated with depression in older adults and treatment-response variability. LLD has been associated with cerebral atrophy, diminished my...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is mounting evidence that recurrent mood disorders - once considered "good prognosis diseases"- are, in fact, often very severe and life-threatening illnesses. Furthermore, although mood disorders have traditionally been conceptualized as neurochemical disorders, there is now evidence from a variety of sources d...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The construct of major depressive disorder makes no etiological assumptions about populations with diverse symptom clusters. "Depressed mood" and "loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities" are core features of major depressive episode, though a strong case can be made to pay increasing attention to sympto...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol dependence is a frequent, chronic, relapsing, and incurable disease with enormous societal costs. Thus, alcoholism therapy and research into its outcome are of major importance for public health. The present article will: (i) give a brief overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes of al...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and sensorimotor disturbances are the principal clinical manifestations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) throughout the early postinjury period. These post-traumatic neuropsychiatric disturbances present substantial challenges to patients, their families, and clinicians providing their...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, we outline critical molecular processes that have been implicated by discovery of genetic mutations in autism. These mechanisms need to be mapped onto the neurodevelopment step(s) gone awry that may be associated with cause in autism. Molecular mechanisms include: (i) regulation of gene expression; (ii...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies show that anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and an important cause of functional impairment; they constitute the most frequent menial disorders in the community. Phobias are the most common with the highest rates for simple phobia and agoraphobia. Panic disorder (PD) and obsessive-compulsi...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomarkers have been receiving increasing attention, especially in the field of psychiatry In contrast to the availability of potent therapeutic tools including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and biological therapies, unmet needs remain in terms of onset of action, stability of response, and further improvement of th...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first generation of antipsychotic drugs was discovered in the 1960s and 1970s, These agents were effective in treating psychosis, but were accompanied by significant side effects, including severe parkinsonism and akathisia. Second-generation antipsychotics were introduced in the 1990s, These drugs have at least e...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Technology in genetics and brain imaging has advanced so rapidly that it is difficult to be knowledgeable about all the new tools being used in the pursuit of progress toward understanding and treating mental illness. While findings from new studies remain promising, caution is needed with regard to their current appl...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 社论
doi:
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00