Abstract：
:WHO's reference protocol for post-exposure rabies vaccination advises five intramuscular injections on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30; in addition, rabies immunoglobulins (RIG) must be given to serious cases of exposure (grade III severity). Some studies indicate that these immunoglobulins suppress the immunogenicity of rabies vaccine when administered according to an alternative protocol of four injections (2-1-1) on days 0, 7, and 21, which was therefore not recommended for grade III exposures. To test this effect, we conducted a multicentre study in Indonesia using three groups of subjects. One group received only the Vero-cell rabies vaccine (PVRV, Verorab, usual commercial lot) according to the 2-1-1 schedule. The second and third groups received the same schedule of PVRV, plus either equine rabies immunoglobulins (ERIG, 40 IU/kg body weight) or human rabies immunoglobulins (HRIG, 20 IU/kg body weight). Our results confirmed the immunoglobulin suppressant effect, which was more pronounced with human than equine immunoglobulins. In both groups receiving immunoglobulins, the seroconversion rates did not reach 100% on day 28 and the geometric mean antibody titre was lower. Thus, WHO's recommendation in 1992 of the reference protocol plus immunoglobulins for severe cases is substantiated by these results in Indonesian subjects. If the 2-1-1 regimen is chosen by the treating physician and immunoglobulins are indicated, preference should be given to purified equine RIG, which also costs less than human RIG.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Lang J,Simanjuntak GH,Soerjosembodo S,Koesharyono Csubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
491-5issue
5eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
76pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究abstract：:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent asays (ELISAs) are described for determining levels of dapsone and pyrimethamine in urine. Both assays have a sensitivity of about 20 mug/l and are reproducible, but each produces some false positives. The problem of false positive reactions was partially obviated by requiring positive resu...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves distributing resources, especially human resources for health (HRH), to match population needs. This paper explores the policy lessons on HRH from four countries that have achieved sustained improvements in UHC: Brazil, Ghana, Mexico and Thailand. Its purpose is to in...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.118729
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The occurrence of three deaths and substantial morbidity among members of a "package tour" who stayed at the same hotel in Benidorm, Spain, during the summer of 1973 provided an opportunity to study the experiences of persons undertaking this type of holiday and some of the factors that might affect their health. Of 2...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asian influenza appears to have reached India via Madras in May 1957. The main pandemic wave swept through the subcontinent within the next 12 weeks; cases occurring thereafter represent the permanent infiltration of the new virus into the population. Between 19 May 1957 and 8 February 1958 there were reported 4 451 7...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three methods were used to measure the level of transmission of infections of Schistosoma mansoni on an irrigated sugar estate in northern Tanzania. The studies were carried out over a period of 3 years, during a programme for the control of the host snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi. During the second and third years a ma...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult male volunteers were orally vaccinated with two "killed" antityphoid preparations. The recommended doses of both vaccines resulted in serum antibody development in only a few of the subjects. When the dose of the monovalent preparation (Taboral) was doubled, serological responses occurred more frequently, with a...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to evaluate results obtained in Addis Ababa with lipoidal antigen tests for syphilis on 269 human sera, and, if possible, to determine how many positive seroreactors were in fact infected with Treponema pallidum, these sera were sent by air to Copenhagen for re-examination by the VDRL, Kahn, CWRM and TPI test...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of three years of data from a malaria clinic operated by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in the Government Medical College Hospital in Jabalpur, central India, showed a high malaria prevalence among pregnant women, which was statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001) compared with the situati...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A meeting was held to outline a comprehensive research plan, based on recent advances in biomedical sciences, for the development of improved methods for the control of tuberculosis. Such a plan requires a stepwise approach. The meeting focused on the initial activities to be carried out and on setting priorities.In t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some of the acute diarrhoeas of man are specific infectious diseases. Another and major proportion have no demonstrated infectious agent. No characteristic clinical pattern regularly distinguishes one specific disease entity from another, nor specific from non-specific infections, nor epidemic from endemic disease. Si...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of comparative assays have revealed considerable variation in the potencies of tetanus toxoids produced in different laboratories. Some manufacturers are able consistently to produce toxoids high in potency; others are not able to do so. While further work is required in order to correlate the animal assay...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PROBLEM:In 2010, dengue virus (DENV) serotype-4 was detected during a dengue outbreak in the Amazonian city of Boa Vista. At that time Brazil was already endemic for DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. This was the first time DENV-4 was observed in the country after it was initially detected and eliminated in 1981. APPROACH:To...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.119081
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study the efficacy of oral rehydration solution (ORS) was compared with that of intravenous fluid (IVF) in the treatment of moderate and some severe cases of dehydration due to diarrhea in a treatment center in Bangladesh during 1980-81. 10,379 patients with moderate and severe dehydration in 1980 and 9897 in...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The changing epidemiological and distribution patterns of Japanese encephalitis in various southern and east Asian countries are described. Immunization is considered to be the only practical way to control the infection. Several vaccines have been developed and two types of inactivated vaccine are now available for u...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of 10 000 compounds tested for tissue schizontocidal activity in a Plasmodium gallinaceum-chick model, 157 were also tested in a definitive mouse test (DMT) and 277 in a rhesus monkey test (RMT). The results in the avian model were 78% and 55% in agreement with those of the DMT and RMT, respectively. This result is no...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uruguay is hosting the WHO Global Conference on Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) this month, from 18-20 October. Tabaré Vázquez, the President of Uruguay, tells the Bulletin of the World Health Organization about his country's efforts to prevent and fight NCDs and why countries should step up the global response. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.17.031017
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This account of the conduct of the Similium Control Scheme at Abuja, Northern Nigeria, over the period 1956-66 shows that, by larvicide treatment of some 160 km of rivers with DDT in the early wet season, the Simulium damnosum density has been reduced by about 90% of its precontrol level each year over an area of more...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Women's chances of survival during pregnancy and childbirth have greatly improved in Nepal. Sophie Cousins reports. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.16.030516
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a controlled study, it has been shown that the prior administration of cholera vaccine had no beneficial effect on the clinical course of cholera as measured by either the condition of the patient on admission to hospital or the subsequent course of the disease. In fact, the disease was, if anything, more severe in...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Administration of live influenza vaccine produces an asymptomatic immunizing infection of the respiratory tract with the appearance of antibodies in the secretions of the respiratory passages.Because of natural variation in the antigenic and biological properties of the influenza virus, new vaccines must be developed ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subjects with sickle cell trait have been known to offer resistance to induced Plasmodium falciparum infection. The resistance to malarial infection in other haemoglobinopathic disorders is not clearly known. Investigations were undertaken to test for resistance to malaria in Hb E thalassaemia disease. Compared to con...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1979, in view of the widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in the island of Hainan, China, it use as an antimalarial was suspended throughout the island. A longitudinal survey of the chloroquine-sensitivity of P. falciparum was carried out over the period 1981-91 to investigate whether its r...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the development of the WHO project on the histological classification of tumours, which has included the establishment of several collaborating centres and has involved more than 300 pathologists in over 50 countries. The project has resulted in the publication, over the last 14 years, of 25 volum...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inherited resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides was discovered in populations of Rattus norvegicus about 14 years ago. Similar resistance has now been reported from several countries in north-western Europe and from the USA. In order to detect resistance and to control it effectively, basic data on the susceptibili...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Termination of early pregnancy by vacuum aspiration is a well-established technique. The procedure is highly effective and has a low complication rate, particularly when performed during the first few weeks after missed menses. However, this parasurgical method requires skilled health care personnel, and attempts have...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency of man-biting by mosquitos depends upon the amount of contact between man and mosquito, which in turn depends upon the behaviour patterns of both. In order to examine these relationships in an area with a high incidence of malaria, a study was made in 1965 of the nocturnal movements and of mosquito bitin...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Villages associated with the Lesotho Highlands Development Agency were randomized with a bias in favour of larger villages, and children < 5 years of age from cluster-randomized households in these villages were chosen for the assessment of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci. Children of the same age group attending...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reported is the assessment of a model to evaluate the efficacy of public health programmes, using the example of the Chagas Disease Control Programme in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The reduction in Trypanosoma cruzi infection rates in areas where interventions had been carried out for 5 years and 10 years, resp...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little has been written about the survival of filarial mosquitos in nature, although methods are available for determining natural mortality in the field. Every filarial infection in a mosquito provides some information about the number of days it has survived after infection. This can be used to determine the probabi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1963-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents estimates of the prevalence of visual impairment and its causes in 2002, based on the best available evidence derived from recent studies. Estimates were determined from data on low vision and blindness as defined in the International statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of d...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：/S0042-96862004001100009
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
