Abstract:
:Of the numerous endogenous retroviral elements that are present in the human genome, the abundant HERV-K family is distinct because several members are transcriptionally active and coding for biologically active proteins. A detailed phylogeny of the HERV-K family based on the partial sequence of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene revealed a high incidence of an intact RT open reading frame within the HML-2 subgroup of HERV-K elements. In this study, we report the cloning of six full-length HML-2 RT genes, of which five contain an uninterrupted open reading frame. The RT enzymes were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli, and several HERV-K RT enzymes demonstrated polymerase as well as RNase H activity. Several biochemical properties of the RT polymerase were analyzed, including the template requirements and optimal reaction conditions (temperature, type of divalent cation). Inspection of the nucleotide sequence of the HERV-K RT genes demonstrated a mosaic structure, suggesting that a high level of genetic recombination has occurred in this virus family, which is a hallmark of replication by means of reverse transcription. The selective pressure to maintain the RT coding potential is illustrated by the sequence of a particular HERV-K isolate that contains three 1-nucleotide deletions within a small RT segment, thus maintaining the open reading frame. These combined results may suggest that these endogenous RT enzymes still have a biological function. It is possible that the RT activity was involved in the spread of this major class of retroelements by retrotransposition, and in fact it cannot be excluded that this retrovirus group is still mobile. The endogenous RT activity may also have been involved in the shaping of the human genome, e.g., by formation of pseudogenes.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Berkhout B,Jebbink M,Zsíros Jdoi
10.1128/JVI.73.3.2365-2375.1999subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-03-01 00:00:00pages
2365-75issue
3eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is an important ocular complication in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals and the leading cause of blindness in those not undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy. Murine CMV (MCMV) infection of mice has been shown to be a useful small-animal model for the study of...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.18.9165-9175.2002
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) proteins m142 and m143 are essential for viral replication. They bind double-stranded RNA and prevent protein kinase R-induced protein synthesis shutoff. Whether the two viral proteins have additional functions such as their homologs in human cytomegalovirus do remained unknown. We show t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02003-15
更新日期:2015-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptin, a viral death protein derived from chicken anemia virus, displays a number of tumor-specific behaviors. In particular, apoptin is phosphorylated, translocates to the nucleus, and induces apoptosis specifically in tumor or transformed cells, whereas it is nonphosphorylated and remains primarily inactive in the...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.18.9965-9976.2004
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The replication of porcine endogenous retrovirus subgroup A (PERV-A) and PERV-B in certain human cell lines indicates that PERV may pose an infectious risk in clinical xenotransplantation. We have previously reported that human-tropic PERVs isolated from infected human cells following cocultivation with miniature swin...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.78.5.2494-2501.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase protein (IN) catalyzes two reactions required to integrate HIV DNA into the human genome: 3' processing of the viral DNA ends and integration. IN has three domains, the N-terminal zinc-binding domain, the catalytic core, and the C-terminal SH3 domain. Previously, it was...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.4.3176-3183.1999
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Broad, multispecific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as virus-cross-neutralizing antibodies, are associated with recovery from acute infection and may also be associated in chronic HCV patients with a favorable response to antiviral treatment. In order to recapitulate all of ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02743-07
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids is inhibited by enzymatic dephosphorylation of the NS protein. We provide evidence that specific, partial dephosphorylation of NS molecules is the only detectable change in nucleocapsids treated with bacterial alkaline phosphatase under conditions that...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.43.1.104-112.1982
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) exert intense selection pressure on replicating simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in infected individuals. The immunodominant Mamu-A(*)01-restricted Gag p11C, C-M epitope is highly conserved among all sequenced isolates of S...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.23.12572-12578.2003
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The small envelope protein (E) plays a role of central importance in the assembly of coronaviruses. This was initially established by studies demonstrating that cellular expression of only E protein and the membrane protein (M) was necessary and sufficient for the generation and release of virus-like particles. To inv...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01577-06
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 plays a critical role in the viral fusion process, and its N- and C-terminal heptad repeat domains serve as important targets for developing anti-HIV-1 drugs, like T-20 (generic name, enfuvirtide; brand name, Fuzeon). Here, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screening on a...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00644-10
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The replication of vaccinia virus is thought to take place exclusively in the cytoplasm of host cells. However, using DNA-DNA hybridization techniques, it can be shown that a significant fraction of the synthesis of vaccinia DNA takes place in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm. The (3H) thymiding pulse-labeled vacc...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.15.2.305-315.1975
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human adenoviruses typically cause mild infections in the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or ocular epithelium. However, adenoviruses may be life-threatening in patients with impaired immunity and some serotypes cause epidemic outbreaks. Attachment to host cell receptors activates cell signal...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02014-12
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infects alveolar macrophages (AMϕ), causing dysregulated alpha interferon (IFN-α) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production through a mechanism(s) yet to be resolved. Here, we show that AMϕ infected with PRRSV secreted a reduced quantity of IFN-α fol...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01251-17
更新日期:2018-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Higher-order RNA structures in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of enteroviruses are thought to play a pivotal role in viral negative-strand RNA synthesis. The structure of the 3'UTR was predicted by thermodynamic calculations using the STAR (structural analysis of RNA) computer program and experimentally verified u...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.1.686-696.1997
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the initial detection of viral infection, innate immune responses trigger the induction of numerous interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to inhibit virus replication and dissemination. One such ISG encodes cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol to form a solub...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01047-18
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::EBNA2 transcriptional activation and regulated EBNALP coactivation are critical for Epstein-Barr virus-infected primary B-lymphocyte growth transformation. EBNALP coactivation requires the EBNA2 acidic activation domain (E2AD); EBNALP can bind to E2AD. EBNALP has now been found to bind less well to EBNA2 amino acids 1...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.20.11439-11442.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne flavivirus of global importance. Neuroinvasive WNV infection results in encephalitis and can lead to prolonged neurological impairment or death. Type I interferon (IFN-I) is crucial for promoting antiviral defenses through the induction of antiviral effectors, whic...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01778-18
更新日期:2019-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this investigation was to examine by electron microscopy the replicative ribonucleoprotein (RNP) structures synthesized in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected HeLa cells. Pulse-labeled in vivo products of vesicular stomatitis virus replication and transcription can be separated by centrifugation in Re...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.34.3.764-771.1980
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of Marek's disease virus (MDV) transcripts and protein products was investigated in reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed avian T-lymphoblastoid cell line RECC-CU91, which was superinfected with MDV. The presence of MDV in the superinfected cell line, renamed RECC-CU210, was demonstrated by Southern h...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.12.7239-7244.1992
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant myxoma virus (MYXV) can be produced without a loss of infectivity, and its highly specific host range makes it an ideal vaccine vector candidate, although careful examination of its interaction with the immune system is necessary. Similar to rabbit bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs), ovine dendri...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00128-11
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpesviruses establish latency in suitable host cells after primary infection and persist in their host organisms for life. Most of the viral genes are silenced during latency, also enabling the virus to escape from an immune response. This study addresses the control of viral gene silencing by epigenetic mechanisms,...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00164-11
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, which lead to significantly higher morbidity in Japan than elsewhere in the world. As bacteriophage (phage) and host bacteria coevolve, the study of H. pylori phages is important to extend understanding of the evolution and pathogenesis of H. pylori. Here we...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01767-12
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza A virus infection can arrest autophagy, as evidenced by autophagosome accumulation in infected cells. Here, we report that this autophagosome accumulation can be inhibited by amantadine, an antiviral proton channel inhibitor, in amantadine-sensitive virus infected cells or cells expressing influenza A virus ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00576-15
更新日期:2015-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Diminished in vitro proliferation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD4+T cells has been associated with HIV-1 viremia and declining CD4+ T-cell counts during chronic infection. To better understand this phenomenon, we examined whether HIV-1 Gag p24 antigen-induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation might...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.22.12638-12646.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Based on an explant reactivation model, it has been proposed that CD8(+) T cells maintain latency in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of mice latently infected with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) [T. Liu, K. M. Khanna, X. Chen, D. J. Fink, and R. L. Hendricks, J Exp Med 191:1459-1466, 2000, doi:10.1084/jem.191.9.1459...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00255-16
更新日期:2016-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphoprotein pp65 (ppUL83) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is abundantly synthesized during lytic infection in cultured fibroblasts. As a major constituent of extracellular particles, it gains entry to infected cells immediately after adsorption and subsequently translocates to the cell nucleus. This efficient t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.10.5959-5968.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed a region of the capsid of canine parvovirus (CPV) which determines the ability of the virus to infect canine cells. This region is distinct from those previously shown to determine the canine host range differences between CPV and feline panleukopenia virus. It lies on a ridge of the threefold spike of the...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.12.9214-9222.1997
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus (RVFV) can cause severe human disease characterized by either acute-onset hepatitis, delayed-onset encephalitis, retinitis and blindness, or a hemorrhagic syndrome. The existing nonhuman primate (NHP) model for RVF utilizes an intravenous (i.v.) exposure route in rhesus macaques (Macaca m...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.06190-11
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::New zonal centrifuges can conveniently process as much as five orders of magnitude (10(5)) greater sample volumes than conventional swinging-bucket rotors. The continuous-sample-flow-with-banding versions may be used in series with ancillary purification procedures. Here we have studied the combined process: absorptio...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.1.6.1207-1216.1967
更新日期:1967-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NS5A nonstructural protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to inhibit the cellular interferon (IFN)-induced protein kinase R (PKR). PKR mediates the host IFN-induced antiviral response at least in part by inhibiting mRNA translation initiation through phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic in...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.11.5090-5098.2001
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00