Abstract:
UNLABELLED:Based on an explant reactivation model, it has been proposed that CD8(+) T cells maintain latency in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of mice latently infected with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) [T. Liu, K. M. Khanna, X. Chen, D. J. Fink, and R. L. Hendricks, J Exp Med 191:1459-1466, 2000, doi:10.1084/jem.191.9.1459; K. M. Khanna, R. H. Bonneau, P. R. Kinchington, and R. L. Hendricks, Immunity 18:593-603, 2003, doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(03)00112-2]. In those studies, BALB/c mice were ocularly infected with an avirulent HSV-1 strain (RE) after corneal scarification. However, in our studies, we typically infect mice with a virulent HSV-1 strain (McKrae) that does not require corneal scarification. Using a combination of knockout mice, adoptive transfers, and depletion studies, we recently found that CD8α(+) dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to HSV-1 latency and reactivation in TG of ocularly infected mice (K. R. Mott, S. J. Allen, M. Zandian, B. Konda, B. G. Sharifi, C. Jones, S. L. Wechsler, T. Town, and H. Ghiasi, PLoS One 9:e93444, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093444). This suggested that CD8(+) T cells might not be the major regulators of HSV-1 latency in the mouse TG. To investigate this iconoclastic possibility, we used a blocking CD8 antibody and CD8(+) T cells in reactivated TG explants from mice latently infected with (i) the avirulent HSV-1 strain RE following corneal scarification or (ii) the virulent HSV-1 strain McKrae without corneal scarification. Independently of the strain or approach, our results show that CD8α(+) DCs, not CD8(+) T cells, drive latency and reactivation. In addition, adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells from wild-type (wt) mice to CD8α(-/-) mice did not restore latency to the level for wt mice or wt virus. In the presence of latency-associated transcript (LAT((+)); wt virus), CD8(+) T cells seem to play a bystander role in the TG. These bystander T cells highly express PD-1, most likely due to the presence of CD8α(+) DCs. Collectively, these results support the notion that CD8(+) T cells do not play a major role in maintaining HSV-1 latency and reactivation. SIGNIFICANCE:This study addresses a fundamentally important and widely debated issue in the field of HSV latency-reactivation. In this article, we directly compare the effects of anti-CD8 antibody, CD8(+) T cells, LAT, and CD8α(+) DCs in blocking explant reactivation in TG of mice latently infected with avirulent or virulent HSV-1. Our data suggest that CD8(+) T cells are not responsible for an increase or maintenance of latency in ocularly infected mice. However, they seem to play a bystander role that correlates with the presence of LAT, higher subclinical reactivation levels, and higher PD-1 expression levels.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Mott KR,Gate D,Matundan HH,Ghiasi YN,Town T,Ghiasi Hdoi
10.1128/JVI.00255-16subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-29 00:00:00pages
5059-5067issue
10eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.00255-16journal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract::During infection, adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) undergoes microtubule-dependent retrograde transport as part of a program of vectorial transport of viral genome to the nucleus. A microtubule binding assay was used to evaluate the hypothesis that cytoplasmic dynein mediates AAV interaction with microtubules. Bindin...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00481-06
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear domains called ND10 (nuclear domain 10) are discrete nuclear protein aggregations characterized by a set of interferon-upregulated proteins including Sp100 and PML, where papova-, adeno-, and herpesviruses begin their transcription and DNA replication. Both the alpha- and betaherpesvirus subfamilies disrupt ND...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.24.11800-11810.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enteroviral persistence has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic human diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and chronic inflammatory myopathy. However, these viruses are considered highly cytolytic, and it is unclear what mechanisms might permit their long-...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.9.4430-4440.2002
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has evolved multiple strategies for suppression of the antiviral response of the infected cell. DNA array technology has revealed that HCMV clearly regulates host gene expression during the course of a productive infection by enhancing, sustaining, or suppressing steady-state levels of cel...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.1.472-485.2005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The administration of cyclophosphamide (50 to 100 mg/kg) at 48 to 72 h before removal of murine lung or spleen mononuclear cells for culture rendered DBA/2 mice incapable of generating an effective cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to influenza A virus-infected cells. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequency to in...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.51.1.20-25.1984
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Influenza A virus (IAV) entry is a multistep process that requires the interaction of the virus with numerous host factors. In this study, we demonstrate that prolidase (PEPD) is a cellular factor required by IAV for successful entry into target cells. PEPD was selected as a candidate during an entry screen ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00800-14
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children and the leading cause of infant hospitalization worldwide. Uncontrolled response to RSV is mediated by a toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immune response. Resveratrol possesses anti-RSV activ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03637-13
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clones of virogenic simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed hamster kidney cells were exposed to medium deficient in the essential amino acids leucine, arginine, or methionine. Infectious virus was induced after deprivation periods of from 24 to 32 hr. The highest yields of infectious SV40 were obtained from cultures depri...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.9.3.448-453.1972
更新日期:1972-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-cell epitopes on the E2 protein of rubella virus were studied by using 15 overlapping synthetic peptides covering the E2 protein sequence. The most frequently recognized epitopes on E2 were E2-4 (residues 54 to 74), with 5 of 10 tested T-cell lines responding to it. Two CD4+ cytotoxic T-cell cloned isolated from one...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.11.6788-6793.1992
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals immunized with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 glycoprotein or certain recombinant envelope components develop potent virus-neutralizing activity. This activity is principally due to antibodies directed toward a hypervariable region of gp120 between cysteine residues 302 and 337 and is virus isol...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.11.4195-4200.1988
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The herpes simplex virus (HSV) virion host shutoff (vhs) protein (UL41 gene product) is a component of the HSV virion tegument that triggers shutoff of host protein synthesis and accelerated mRNA degradation during the early stages of HSV infection. vhs displays weak amino acid sequence similarity to the fen-1 family ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.11.9222-9231.1999
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is acquired by the oral route in children, and primary infection is associated with abundant mucosal replication, as well as the establishment of latency in myeloid cells that results in lifelong infection. The efficiency of primary CMV infection in humans following oral exposure, however, is unk...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00380-17
更新日期:2017-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::The emerging porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) requires trypsin supplementation to activate its S protein for membrane fusion and virus propagation in cell culture. By substitution of a single amino acid in the S protein, we created a recombinant PEDV with an artificial furin protease cleavage site N terminal of ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00356-15
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain, DR13, was obtained from suckling pigs suspected of having porcine epidemic diarrhea in 1999 in Korea, and its attenuated counterpart was derived from virulent strain DR13 by serial propagation in Vero cells. This report describes the first complete genome seque...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00557-12
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elite controllers (EC) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) maintain viremia below the limit of detection without antiretroviral treatment. Virus-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes are believed to play a crucial role in viral containment, but the degree of immune imprinting and compensatory mutations in...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02459-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-even bacteriophages were grown and purified in bulk quantities. The protein coats were disrupted into their component substructures by treatment with 67% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Tail fibers and tubes were purified on glycerol-CsCl-D(2)O gradients and examined with respect to sedimentation properties, subunit mole...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.6.4.534-544.1970
更新日期:1970-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Tetherin (BST2, CD317, or HM1.24) is a host cellular restriction factor that prevents the release of enveloped viruses by mechanically linking virions to the plasma membrane. The precise arrangement of tetherin molecules at the plasma membrane site of HIV-1 assembly, budding, and restriction is not well unde...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01880-15
更新日期:2015-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::In earlier studies, we have shown that superinfection of an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent, Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV)-induced rat T-cell lymphoma line (4437A) with mink cell focus-forming (also called polytropic) murine retroviruses induces rapid progression to IL-2-independent growth. In this report, we ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.12.7709-7716.1994
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular basis of the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of P3/Sabin, the type 3 vaccine strain of poliovirus, was investigated in light of the known correlation between ts and attenuation phenotypes. A phenylalanine at residue 91 of the capsid protein VP3 was a major determinant of both phenotypes, and attenua...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.10.5225-5231.1991
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to encoding the structural and regulatory proteins, many viruses encode auxiliary proteins, some of which have been shown to play important roles in lytic and latent states of the viruses. The human neurotropic JC virus (JCV) genome encodes an auxiliary protein called Agno whose function remains unknown. H...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.3.1476-1486.2001
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) possesses low pathogenic potential in an immunocompetent host. In the immunosuppressed host, however, a wide spectrum of infection outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic to life threatening, can follow either primary or nonprimary infection. The variability in the manifestations of HCMV infec...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.15.7661-7671.2002
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous deletion mutants of satellite bacteriophage P4 have been isolated and characterized. All of the deletions analyzed that were between 850 and 1,700 base pairs long are within the region nonessential for P4 lytic development; some of them cover the cII or the gop locus. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.54.1.233-235.1985
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In HIV-1 vaccine research, native-like, soluble envelope glycoprotein SOSIP trimers are widely used for immunizing animals. The epitopes of autologous neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) induced by the BG505 and B41 SOSIP trimers in rabbits and macaques have been mapped to a few holes in the glycan shields that cover most ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01656-18
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The hepatitis E virus (HEV), a nonenveloped RNA virus, is the causative agent of hepatitis E. The mode by which HEV attaches to and enters into target cells for productive infection remains unidentified. Open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of HEV encodes its major capsid protein, pORF2, which is likely to have the determinant...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00717-09
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a cellular factor that reduces HIV-1 infectivity by an incompletely understood mechanism. We show here that viruses differing only in the envelope glycoprotein (Env) expressed on their surface have different sensitivities to IFITM3. Measurements of the sensitivity...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01994-20
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Infection of cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) results in a rapid alteration of phosphorylation on the large subunit of cellular RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), most likely on its C-terminal domain (S. A. Rice, M. C. Long, V. Lam, C. A. Spencer, J. Virol. 68:988-1001, 1994). This phosphorylation modification...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.9.5550-5559.1995
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience a marked loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, leading to fatal immunodeficiency. The mechanisms causing the depletion of these cells are not yet understood. In this study, we observed that CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected and uninfec...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.11.6925-6931.1995
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D (gD) is modified with mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) and binds to M6P receptors (MPRs). MPRs are involved in the well-characterized pathway by which lysosomal enzymes are directed to lysosomes via a network of endosomal membranes. Based on the impaired ability of HSV to form plaque...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.4.3330-3339.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host cell tRNAs are recruited for use as primers to initiate reverse transcription in retroviruses. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) uses tRNA(Lys3) as the replication primer, whereas Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) uses tRNA(Trp). The nucleic acid (NA) chaperone function of the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of HIV-1 G...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00736-14
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide composition of the ribonucleic acid of three strains of rabies virus was determined and found to be similar to that of vesicular stomatitis virus. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.8.6.922-924.1971
更新日期:1971-12-01 00:00:00