Abstract：
BACKGROUND:We previously demonstrated that i.v. emulsified isoflurane induces general anaesthesia in animals. In this study, we compared the pharmacokinetics of emulsified isoflurane given as i.v. bolus and as infusion in beagle dogs. METHODS:Sixteen beagle dogs were assigned randomly to a bolus group comprising three subgroups and an infusion group. The three bolus subgroups received 120, 150, or 180 mg kg(-1) of isoflurane and the infusion group received isoflurane at 12 mg kg(-1) min(-1) for 150 min. Isoflurane concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. The parameters involved in the pharmacokinetic model were calculated using the DAS ver1.0 software. RESULTS:A two-compartment model best described the data in both bolus and infusion groups. The half-lives of distribution [t(1/2α): 1.77 (0.57) min] and elimination [t(1/2β): 17.66 (5.56) min] in the bolus group were shorter than those in the infusion group [14.12 (4.04) min, 58.21 (11.39) min, P<0.01]. The apparent volume of the central compartment [V(1), 0.377 (0.138) litre kg(-1)] in the bolus group was less than that in the infusion group [0.809 (0.077) litre kg(-1), P<0.01]. The total body clearance [Cl, 0.043 (0.032) litre kg(-1) min(-1)] in the bolus group was greater than that in the infusion group [0.028 (0.008) litre kg(-1) min(-1)]. CONCLUSIONS:A two-compartment model adequately describes the pharmacokinetics of emulsified isoflurane for both bolus and infusion. The resulting kinetic parameters differ mainly because of the increasing blood/gas partition coefficient and the sustained nature of the isoflurane partial pressure during infusion.
journal_name
Br J Anaesthjournal_title
British journal of anaesthesiaauthors
Yang XL,Zhang WS,Liu J,Yang ZB,Jiang XHdoi
10.1093/bja/aes311subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
128-36issue
1eissn
0007-0912issn
1471-6771pii
S0007-0912(17)32859-3journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Zomepirac 100 mg and dihydrocodeine 30 mg were compared with placebo in a controlled randomized, double-blind, single-dose postoperative study. Patients continued to receive either zomepirac or dihydrocodeine for pain relief for 5 days at home in a double-blind study, being allowed to titrate the consumption of tablet...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/57.4.412
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recently installed anti-pollution system, initially designed to function in a passive mode, was evaluated, but found to be inconstant in its performance. A simple method of making the system active is described and evaluated. ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/49.5.439
更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perioperative risk of death after general surgery is quoted as overall less than 1%. However, each individual's risk varies widely according to many identified factors with some having a significantly increased risk of a worse outcome. The observation that manipulating and targeting certain physiological parameters in...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/ael102
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the management of three patients undergoing awake carotid surgery who developed signs of cerebral ischaemia after carotid cross-clamping. Drug treatment to increase arterial blood pressure above baseline reversed the neurological deficit and an internal carotid artery shunt was not needed. Shunt insertion ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/87.4.641
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that ultrasound guidance for paediatric regional anaesthesia can improve the quality of upper extremity and neuraxial blocks. We therefore investigated whether ultrasound guidance for sciatic and femoral nerve blocks prolongs sensory blockade in comparison with nerve stimulator guid...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aem092
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of increasing doses of norepinephrine (NE) with or without arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on intestinal oxygen supply and jejunal mucosal tissue oxygen tension in an acute endotoxic pig model. METHODS:In this prospective, randomized, experimental...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aep239
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients undergoing non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery are at risk of major cardiovascular complications. In non-cardiac surgery, troponin elevation has previously been shown to be an independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events and postoperative mortality; however, a majority of studies have focused...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aew321
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An animal model was established to study the toxic effects of hyperoxia and the consequent changes in intracellular antioxidant status. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in erythrocytes, liver and lung, in addition to cellular glutathione concentrations and its associat...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/59.6.760
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Some anaesthetic agents exhibit an age-dependent analgesic effect, for example nitrous oxide, which is ineffective in newborn rats. We investigated whether a similar time dependency existed for the responses to the volatile anaesthetic isoflurane. METHODS:The analgesic and hypnotic properties of isoflurane ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aei182
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new prototype of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), the intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA), was used to facilitate tracheal intubation in 100 fasted patients presenting for elective surgery. Alignment of the ILMA with the larynx was assessed fibreoptically before intubation without the investigator performing the...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/79.6.710
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastric pH and volume were measured in 87 patients who had received i.v. omeprazole (a new gastric antisecretory agent) 40 mg or placebo 1 or 3 h before surgery. Omeprazole increased the pH of gastric contents in the majority of patients. Administration 1 h before surgery produced greater gastric pH and smaller volume...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/63.5.536
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Standard methods for accurate intraoperative measurement of neuromuscular block are either expensive or inconvenient and are not used widely. We have evaluated a new method of monitoring neuromuscular block using a low-frequency microphone. The method is based on the phenomenon of low-frequency sound emission by contr...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/83.3.405
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human error poses significant risk for hospitalized patients causing an estimated 100,000 to 400,000 deaths in the USA annually. Medication errors contribute, with error occurring in 5.3% of medication administrations during surgery. In this study 70.3% of medication errors were deemed preventable. Given the paucity o...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aew379
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the effects of alfentanil administered intrathecally on somatosympathetic reflexes evoked by stimulation of radial and tibial nerves in 10 anaesthetized and paralysed dogs. In five animals, alfentanil was administered in doses of 100, 100, 200 and 400 micrograms in 0.8 ml and 800 micrograms in 1.6 ml p...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/68.5.503
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Myotest is a new nerve stimulator which can give train-of-four, single twitch (1 and 10 s) and tetanic stimuli. Power is supplied by standard batteries, which allow 200 h effective use. The impulse is unipolar constant current, and the amplitude can be adjusted between 0 and 40 mA. These factors, plus the electron...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/52.5.547
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since 1972, 367 patients with chronic low-back pain have been treated by electrical stimulation (e.s.). Patients with herniated disc lesions and spondylitis and allied conditions were included. Following e.s. 75-100% pain relief was obtained by 53% of the patients 50% pain relief by 27% and there was no improvement in...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/49.6.629
更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cyclic redistribution of air within the cuff during respiratory pressure changes creates a self-sealing mechanism which allows tracheal sealing, despite tracheal airway pressure being above baseline cuff inflation pressure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of continuous automated cu...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aen355
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hip fracture is a condition with high mortality and morbidity in elderly frail patients. Intraoperative fluid optimization may be associated with benefit in this population. We investigated whether intraoperative fluid management using pulse-contour analysis cardiac monitoring, compared with standard care in...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aeu386
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the effects of morphine in auricular myocardium from non-failing and failing human hearts. In both preparations morphine induced inhibition. These responses were not antagonized by naloxone. Comparison of mean IC30 values obtained in non-failing (3.9 (SEM 0.2) x 10(-8) mol litre-1) and failing (5010 (...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/76.1.106
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The electroencephalogram (EEG) was monitored through all phases of enflurane anaesthesia in dental outpatients with a history of cerebral convulsions which had been well controlled with anticonvulsant drugs. Abnormal EEG activity which differed from the background activity was observed in three patients. Their case re...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/57.10.1029
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ivabradine lowers heart rate (HR) without affecting contractility or vascular tone. It is licensed for HR control in chronic heart diseases. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to examine whether ivabradine could decrease major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality in critically i...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.bja.2020.01.027
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the effect of isoflurane, halothane and fentanyl on heart rate variability (HRV) using power spectral analysis (PSA). Forty patients were allocated randomly to receive one of four anaesthetic techniques. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg kg-1 and all patients breathed a mixture of 66% nitrous...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/72.2.177
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The cuff pressures may be different in oesophageal and tracheal intubations. We conducted a study to evaluate if cuff pressures of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) could provide information to distinguish tracheal or oesophageal intubations in a pig trachea-oesophagus model. METHODS:In each preparation of pig trac...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aem244
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred and eighty-five patients were allocated at random to receive pethidine with diazepam (in an emulsion), or pethidine with midazolam i.v. as sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Sedation and conditions for examination were comparable and satisfactory in both groups. Midazolam produced more amnesia ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/55.11.1095
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to evaluate simple means of determining the rate of recovery after general anaesthesia, the usefulness of the critical flicker fusion threshold test, the Maddox wing apparatus and the visual analogue scale were compared. The postanaesthetic recovery score was used as a reference. Two patient groups (n = 15 in...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/59.8.978
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred and one patients with osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to undergo total hip arthroplasty under either spinal (subarachnoid) or general anaesthesia. Venous blood was sampled before, during and after surgery and on the 5th day after operation to study the haemostatic mechanism. There were no preoperati...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/59.5.561
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When using endobronchial anaesthesia for the management of transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES), excessive insufflation of carbon dioxide into the pleural space may cause haemodynamic instability, hypoxaemia and tension pneumothorax. We prospectively studied an alternative technique using a tracheal tube, i.v....
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/74.2.141
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The efficacy of opioids typically decreases after long-term use owing to the development of tolerance. Glial activation and the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines are related to the induction of tolerance. We investigated the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on morphine analgesia and toleran...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aew247
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The effects of thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA) on gastric mucosal microvascular haemoglobin oxygenation (microHbO(2)) are unclear. At the splanchnic level, reduction of sympathetic tone may promote vasodilation and increase microHbO(2). However, these splanchnic effects are counteracted by systemic effec...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aeh235
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of laudanosine, a metabolite of atracurium, on the behaviour of conscious mice, rats and dogs, and on cardiovascular function in conscious and anaesthetized dogs have been evaluated: EEG studies were performed in anaesthetized dogs. In mice and rats, i.v. bolus doses of laudanosine 10-20 mg kg-1, caused co...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/59.2.218
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
