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Mechanism of inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced interferon-β production by 2-aminopurine.

Abstract：

:2-Aminopurine (2-AP) is widely used as an inhibitor for double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Previously, we reported that 2-AP inhibits Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand-induced nitric oxide production through the prevention of interferon (IFN)-β production. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms for 2-AP inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IFN-β production. A reporter gene assay showed that LPS-induced IFN-β promoter, but not nuclear factor (NF)-κB, activation was significantly inhibited by 2-AP. IFN-β promoter activation induced by the overexpression of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) was significantly inhibited by 2-AP in a dose-dependent manner, while TRIF- or myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-dependent NF-κB activation was not inhibited. IFN-β promoter activation induced by expression of the downstream signaling molecules, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family member-associated NF-κB activator-binding kinase 1, inhibitor of NF-κB kinase i and a constitutively active mutant of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3, was also inhibited by 2-AP. Another PKR inhibitor harboring the imidazolo-oxindole structure, however, did not affect TRIF signaling molecules-induced IFN-β promoter activation, suggesting that the inhibition of IFN-β transcription by 2-AP is independent of PKR inhibition. Further, we examined the effect of 2-AP on LPS-induced IRF-3 activation by immunoblotting. While 2-AP did not affect LPS-induced phosphorylation of IRF-3, nuclear translocation of IRF-3 was inhibited. Moreover, we revealed that LPS-induced phosphorylation of Akt, another key molecule involved in IRF-3 activation, was inhibited by 2-AP. These results suggest that 2-AP inhibits nuclear translocation of phosphorylated-IRF-3 by inhibiting Akt activation.

journal_name

Mol Immunol

journal_title

Molecular immunology

authors

Sugiyama T,Gotou T,Moriyama K,Kajiura N,Hasegawa T,Tomida J,Takahashi K,Komatsu T,Ueda H,Sato K,Tokoro S,Neri P,Mori H

doi

10.1016/j.molimm.2012.06.008

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-10-01 00:00:00

pages

299-304

issue

3-4

eissn

0161-5890

issn

1872-9142

pii

S0161-5890(12)00330-6

journal_volume

pub_type

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Mechanism of inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced interferon-β production by 2-aminopurine.