Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil (TTO) applied topically in a dilute (10%) dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) formulation exerts a rapid anti-cancer effect after a short treatment protocol. Tumour clearance is associated with skin irritation mediated by neutrophils which quickly and completely resolves upon treatment cessation. OBJECTIVE:To examine the mechanism of action underlying the anti-cancer activity of TTO. METHODS:Immune cell changes in subcutaneous tumour bearing mice in response to topically applied TTO treatments were assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Direct cytotoxicity of TTO on tumour cells in vivo was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS:Neutrophils accumulate in the skin following topical 10% TTO/DMSO treatment but are not required for tumour clearance as neutrophil depletion did not abrogate the anti-cancer effect. Topically applied 10% TTO/DMSO, but not neat TTO, induces an accumulation and activation of dendritic cells and an accumulation of T cells. Although topical application of 10% TTO/DMSO appears to activate an immune response, anti-tumour efficacy is mediated by a direct effect on tumour cells in vivo. The direct cytotoxicity of TTO in vivo appears to be associated with TTO penetration. CONCLUSION:Future studies should focus on enhancing the direct cytotoxicity of TTO by increasing penetration through skin to achieve a higher in situ terpene concentration. This coupled with boosting a more specific anti-tumour immune response will likely result in long term clearance of tumours.
journal_name
J Dermatol Scijournal_title
Journal of dermatological scienceauthors
Ireland DJ,Greay SJ,Hooper CM,Kissick HT,Filion P,Riley TV,Beilharz MWdoi
10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.05.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-08-01 00:00:00pages
120-9issue
2eissn
0923-1811issn
1873-569Xpii
S0923-1811(12)00176-4journal_volume
67pub_type
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