Abstract：
:A broad array of biological responses including cell polarization, movement, immune and inflammatory responses, as well as prevention of HIV-1 infection, are triggered by the chemokines, a family of secreted and structurally related chemoattractant proteins that bind to class A-specific seven-transmembrane receptors linked to G proteins. Chemokines and their receptors should not be considered isolated entities, as they act in complex networks. Chemokines bind as oligomers, or oligomerize after binding to glycosaminoglycans on endothelial cells, and are then presented to their receptors on target cells, facilitating the generation of chemoattractant gradients. The chemokine receptors form homo- and heterodimers, as well as higher order structures at the cell surface. These structures are dynamic and are regulated by receptor expression and ligand levels. Complexity is even greater, as in addition to regulation by cytokines and decoy receptors, chemokine and receptor levels are affected by proteolytic cleavage and other protein modifications. This complex scenario should be considered when analyzing chemokine biology and the ability of their antagonists to act in vivo. Strategies based on blocking or stabilizing ligand and receptor dimers could be alternative approaches that might have broad therapeutic potential.
journal_name
Immunol Lettjournal_title
Immunology lettersauthors
Muñoz LM,Holgado BL,Martínez-A C,Rodríguez-Frade JM,Mellado Mdoi
10.1016/j.imlet.2012.04.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-30 00:00:00pages
23-9issue
1-2eissn
0165-2478issn
1879-0542pii
S0165-2478(12)00116-2journal_volume
145pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Wistar rats submitted to 3 intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunizations with saline extract of rat male accessory glands (RAG) associated to liposomes developed a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to RAG after the first immunization, a remission state after the second immunization and a specif...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(91)90125-t
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:B cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF, also called BLyS, TALL-1, THANK, or zTNF4) is an important survival factor for B cells, and is able to regulate T cell activation. Recently, we have demonstrated that human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF) potently elevates NK cell activity of murine splenic cells in vi...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2008.07.005
更新日期：2008-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular membranes contain microdomains known as 'lipid rafts' or detergent-insoluble microdomains (DRM), enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. DRM can play an important role in many cellular processes, including signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization, and pathogen entry. Many receptors like T cell recept...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2007.12.003
更新日期：2008-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Using micro-electrode technique we studied the effects of interleukin-2 (50 ng/ml) on bio-electric activity of rat atrial myocardium under normal conditions and after gradual stretching of the tissue. It was shown that interleukin-2 caused increasing in the duration of action potential at the levels of 25, 50, and 90%...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2015.06.009
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antigen receptors on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes are complexes of several integral membrane proteins, essential for their proper expression and function. Recent studies demonstrated that transmembrane (TM) domains of the components of these receptors play a critical role in their association and function. ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00100-x
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In spite of impressive results in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic B cell leukemia (B-ALL) with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, the clinical outcome of some hematological cancers like follicular lymphoma (FL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not been very promising likely due to immunosuppressiv...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2020.04.005
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiologically occurring tetrapeptide, tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg), was examined for its effects on guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Adherent macrophages (møo) were exposed to tuftsin at concentrations ranging from 10(8) to 10(6) M, and the release of oxygen radicals and the arachidonic acid cyclo-oxygenation pro...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(83)90021-4
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many alterations of innate and adaptive immunity are common in the aging population, which reflect a deterioration of the immune system, and have lead to the terms "immune aging" or "immunosenescence". Systems Biology aims to the comprehensive knowledge of the structure, dynamics, control and design that define a give...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2014.09.009
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whilst many physiological functions of nitric oxide (NO) have been revealed so far, recent evidence proposes an essential role for NO in T lymphocyte activation and signal transduction. NO acts as a second messenger, activating soluble guanyl cyclase and participating in signal transduction pathways involving cyclic G...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2007.04.013
更新日期：2007-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：:RasGRP1 links TCR signaling to Ras in T cells, while both RasGRP1 and RasGRP3 link BCR signaling to Ras in B cells. T cells deficient in RasGRP1 have defective proliferative responses as do B cells deficient in both RasGRP1 and RasGRP3, confirming the importance of Ras activation in lymphocyte proliferation. While age...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2006.01.005
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural Killer (NK) cells were discovered when research on T cells produced an unexplained background, or "natural" cytotoxicity in non-immunized mice. The previously unknown cells were thus named "natural" killer cells, or NK cells. They are roughly defined by a lack of the T cell marker CD3 and a presence of CD56 (o...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.014
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibody-like molecules were formed by artificial recombination of proteolytic IgG fragments (Fab' with anti-SRBC activity, and Fc) and used for studies concerning the complement fixation. Such molecules, when composed of single Fab' bound to Fc fragment appeared inactive, while species containing two Fab' fragments r...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(82)90052-9
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD8 T cells are strongly induced in response to certain strains of vaccinia virus (VACV) and the generation of this population is tightly regulated by two Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)/TNFR superfamily members, OX40 (CD134) and CD27. In this study, we examined the role of another member of the TNFR superfamily, 4-1BB (C...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2011.10.008
更新日期：2012-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：:BAFF deficiency in mice impairs B cell development beyond the transitional stage 1 in the spleen and thus severely reduces the size of follicular and marginal zone B cell compartments. Moreover, humoral immune responses in these mice are dramatically impaired. We now addressed the question whether the decrease in matu...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2010.03.007
更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this work was to raise allotype specific monoclonal antibodies to human CD45, with the long-term objective of producing a reagent which could be used to prolong graft survival in renal transplantation through removal of passenger leukocytes from the graft. At present there are no anti-CD45 monoclonal antibo...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00056-5
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The observation that protective immunity induced by immunization with radiation attenuated Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites is dependent on CD8+ T lymphocytes in some strains of mice led us to speculate that immunization with sporozoites induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that recognize malaria ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(90)90087-7
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During a pathogenic infection, an inflammatory process is triggered in which several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, complement system components, nitric oxide, and others induce integrity alteration on the endothelial barrier. Chemokines are responsible for regulating leukocyte ...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2019.06.001
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of the NF-κB pathway is causally linked to initiation and progression of diverse cancers. Therefore, IKKβ, the key regulatory kinase of the canonical NF-κB pathway, should be a logical target for cancer treatment. However, existing IKKβ inhibitors are known to induce paradoxical immune activation, which lim...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2015.10.011
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanistic target for rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that forms two distinct complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, integrating mitogen and nutrient signals to regulate cell survival and proliferation; processes which are commonly deregulated in human cancers. mTORC1 and mTORC2 have divergent molecular a...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.015
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. The ability of DCs to process antigens and the outcome of their interaction with T cells are largely dependent on phenotype as well as maturation state of DCs. In this study,...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2005.05.012
更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:An autoreactive T lymphocyte clone, designated as F1C4 was established from an autoimmune mouse strain (NZB/NZW)F1. This clone proliferated in the presence of mitomycin C-treated splenic adherent cells (MMC-SAC) from syngeneic mice. This response was dependent on the numbers of MMC-SAC. The specificity of F1C4 for I-A...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(88)90175-7
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liposome-encapsulated conalbumin (L(conalbumin)) is an antigen that is efficiently phagocytosed by bone marrow-derived macrophages and presented to effector cells as part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complex. In this report, we show that the conalbumin component of L(conalbumin) is degraded to...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00206-6
更新日期：2000-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:NADPH oxidase 2 is a superoxide-generating enzymatic complex based on the catalytic subunit gp91phox that is also known as Nox2. Initially identified in neutrophils, NADPH oxidase 2 was long considered responsible only for the killing of phagocytized microorganisms. However, advances in knowledge about redox signallin...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.009
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a well-known medication, primarily used as a mucolytic agent in pulmonary disease. Recently, we have found that NAC possesses antipyretic properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which NAC attenuates fever. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-10 and pr...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2016.06.005
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We aimed to investigate if angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) participates in the septic process and what may be the role of monocytes as a site of release of Ang-2 in sepsis. Concentrations of Ang-2 were estimated in sera and in supernatants of monocytes derived form one already described cohort of 90 patients with septic syndro...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2009.06.006
更新日期：2009-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:IgE-mediated activation of basophil granulocytes and mast cells follows a bell-shaped dose-response curve. The decreased activation at supraoptimal allergen stimulation is thought to be associated with SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1). SHIP-1 phosphorylation is inversely related to IgE-mediated releas...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.imlet.2019.04.003
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human Clq, a subcomponent of the first component of complement interacts with human fibronectin. Using ELISA methodology fixation of Clq to solid phase fibronectin, as well as fibronectin to solid phase Clq has been demonstrated. Cl in its native macromolecular form displays little reactivity for fibronectin, nor does...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(82)90075-x
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to its hematopoietic activities, interleukin-3 (IL-3) can modulate macrophage functions. We have studied the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by mouse peritoneal macrophages triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of IL-3. Int...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(91)90109-n
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During their differentiation, thymocytes are subjected to two rounds of selection. First, CD4-8- double-negative (DN) thymocytes with a functional TCR-beta chain express a alpha-beta+ CD3 complex on their surface and, as a consequence, are selected to mature to the CD4+8+ double-positive (DP) stage. This round ends af...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-2478(94)00197-y
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunosuppressant rapamycin is known to be a potent inhibitor of cytokine driven proliferation of T-lymphocytes and other cell types. Here we have examined the effect of rapamycin on the myeloblastic cell line M1 which responds to interleukin-6 (IL-6) with growth arrest and monocytoid differentiation. Single-agent...
journal_title：Immunology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-2478(97)00110-7
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
